Treewidth, Circle Graphs, and Circular Drawings

SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 965-987, March 2024.
Abstract. A circle graph is an intersection graph of a set of chords of a circle. We describe the unavoidable induced subgraphs of circle graphs with large treewidth. This includes examples that are far from the “usual suspects.” Our results imply that treewidth and Hadwiger number are linearly tied on the class of circle graphs and that the unavoidable induced subgraphs of a vertex-minor-closed class with large treewidth are the usual suspects if and only if the class has bounded rank-width. Using the same tools, we also study the treewidth of graphs [math] that have a circular drawing whose crossing graph is well-behaved in some way. In this setting, we show that if the crossing graph is [math]-minor-free, then [math] has treewidth at most [math] and has no [math]-topological minor. On the other hand, we show that there are graphs with arbitrarily large Hadwiger number that have circular drawings whose crossing graphs are 2-degenerate.