Study of the Material Balance of a Heliopyrolysis Device with a Parabolic Solar Concentrator

The work presents a technological diagram of a heliopyrolysis device with a parabolic concentrator for the thermal processing of biomass and organic waste to produce alternative fuel. An experimental heliopyrolysis device was created and its main characteristics were substantiated. The results of experimental studies of the temperature regime and material balance of pyrolysis of biomass and various organic wastes are presented, taking into account the intensity of solar radiation in the conditions of the city of Karshi. An analysis of the material balance of pyrolysis of biomass and organic waste using concentrated solar energy was carried out. It has been established that through the use of a parabolic solar concentrator as the main heater of the reactor, it is possible to create the required temperature regime for pyrolysis within the temperature range of 350–500°C. The cycle duration of the biomass pyrolysis process averages 180–240 min. The conducted studies show that during the daytime in sunny weather, three or four cycles can be carried out in the proposed unit. As a result, it becomes possible to compensate for the thermal energy that is consumed for the device’s own needs with solar energy. It was concluded that with slow pyrolysis of biomass and organic waste, the intensity of the yield of gaseous fuel increases from 10 to 30% with an increase in temperature from 100–350°C; the yield of liquid pyrolysis products in the temperature range of 150–350°C increases from 5 to 22%. The analysis of the temperature regime and material balance of the heliopyrolysis device shows the feasibility of its use for the producing alternative fuel from biomass.