Luis Norambuena-Subiabre , Pamela Carbonell , Pablo Salgado , Claudia Zamora , Oscar Espinoza-González
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The detection and quantification of lipophilic toxins and domoic acid (DA) in shellfish was determined by UHPLC-MS/MS, and for Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) by HPLC-FD with post-column oxidation, while for a culture of <em>A. ostenfeldii</em> a Hylic-UHPLC-MS/MS was used. Results showed that DA, gonyautoxin (GTX)-2, GTX-3 and pectenotoxin (PTX)-2 were detected below the permitted limits, while Gymnodimine (GYM)-A and 13-desmethylespirolide C (SPX-1) were below the limit of quantitation. According to the distribution and abundance record of microalgae, DA would be associated to <em>P. seriata</em> and <em>P. delicatissima</em>-groups, PTX-2 to <em>D. acuminata</em>, and GTX-2, GTX-3, GYM-A, and SPX-1 to <em>A. ostenfeldii</em>. However, the toxin analysis of an <em>A. ostenfeldii</em> culture from the Biobío region only showed the presence of the paralytic toxins C2, GTX-2, GTX-3, GTX-5 and saxitoxin, therefore, the source of production of GYM and SPX is still undetermined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12897,"journal":{"name":"Harmful Algae","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 102608"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Sources and profiles of toxins in shellfish from the south-central coast of Chile (36°‒ 43° S)\",\"authors\":\"Luis Norambuena-Subiabre , Pamela Carbonell , Pablo Salgado , Claudia Zamora , Oscar Espinoza-González\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.hal.2024.102608\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The study of marine toxins in shellfish is of the utmost importance to ensure people's food safety. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
研究贝类中的海洋毒素对确保人们的食品安全至关重要。在为期 14 个月的时间里，对智利中南部海岸（南纬 36°-43°）水体中的贝类和微藻中的海洋毒素进行了研究。分析了有害物种 Alexandrium catenella、Alexandrium ostenfeldii、Protoceratium reticulatum、Dinophysis acuminata、Dinophysis acuta、Pseudo-nitzschia seriata 组和 P. delicatissima 组的相对丰度。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）对贝类中的亲脂性毒素和多莫酸（DA）进行了检测和定量，采用柱后氧化高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-FD）对麻痹性贝类毒素（PSTs）进行了检测和定量，而对 A. ostenfeldii 培养物则采用了 Hylic-UHPLC-MS/MS 方法。结果表明，DA、贡酉毒素（GTX）-2、GTX-3 和果胶毒素（PTX）-2 的检测结果低于允许限值，而 Gymnodimine (GYM)-A 和 13-desmethylespirolide C (SPX-1) 的检测结果低于定量限值。根据微藻的分布和丰度记录，DA 与 P. seriata 和 P. delicatissima 群有关，PTX-2 与 D. acuminata 有关，GTX-2、GTX-3、GYM-A 和 SPX-1 与 A. ostenfeldii 有关。然而，对来自 Biobío 地区的 A. ostenfeldii 培养物进行的毒素分析表明，其中只存在麻痹毒素 C2、GTX-2、GTX-3、GTX-5 和 saxitoxin，因此，GYM 和 SPX 的生产来源仍未确定。
Sources and profiles of toxins in shellfish from the south-central coast of Chile (36°‒ 43° S)
The study of marine toxins in shellfish is of the utmost importance to ensure people's food safety. Marine toxins in shellfish and microalgae in the water column off the south-central coast of Chile (36°‒43° S) were studied in a network of 64 stations over a 14-month period. The relative abundance of harmful species Alexandrium catenella, Alexandrium ostenfeldii, Protoceratium reticulatum, Dinophysis acuminata, Dinophysis acuta, Pseudo-nitzschia seriata group and P. delicatissima group was analyzed. The detection and quantification of lipophilic toxins and domoic acid (DA) in shellfish was determined by UHPLC-MS/MS, and for Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) by HPLC-FD with post-column oxidation, while for a culture of A. ostenfeldii a Hylic-UHPLC-MS/MS was used. Results showed that DA, gonyautoxin (GTX)-2, GTX-3 and pectenotoxin (PTX)-2 were detected below the permitted limits, while Gymnodimine (GYM)-A and 13-desmethylespirolide C (SPX-1) were below the limit of quantitation. According to the distribution and abundance record of microalgae, DA would be associated to P. seriata and P. delicatissima-groups, PTX-2 to D. acuminata, and GTX-2, GTX-3, GYM-A, and SPX-1 to A. ostenfeldii. However, the toxin analysis of an A. ostenfeldii culture from the Biobío region only showed the presence of the paralytic toxins C2, GTX-2, GTX-3, GTX-5 and saxitoxin, therefore, the source of production of GYM and SPX is still undetermined.
期刊介绍：
This journal provides a forum to promote knowledge of harmful microalgae and macroalgae, including cyanobacteria, as well as monitoring, management and control of these organisms.
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