A Multi-user Cross-platform hands-on virtual lab within the Metaverse – the case of machining training

Distance learning has become a popular learning channel today. However, while various distance learning tools are available, most of them only support a single platform, offer only the trainer’s perspective, and do not facilitate student-instructor interaction. As a result, distance learning systems tend to be inflexible and less effective. To address the limitations of existing distance learning systems, this study developed a cross-platform hands-on virtual lab within the Metaverse that enables multi-user participation and interaction for distance education. Four platforms, HTC VIVE Pro, Microsoft HoloLens 2, PC, and Android smartphone, are supported. The virtual lab allows trainers to demonstrate operation steps and engage with multiple trainees simultaneously. Meanwhile, trainees have the opportunity to practice their operational skills on their virtual machines within the Metaverse, utilizing their preferred platforms. Additionally, participants can explore the virtual environment and interact with each other by moving around within the virtual space, similar to a physical lab setting. The user test compares the levels of presence and usability in the hands-on virtual lab across different platforms, providing insights into the challenges associated with each platform within the Metaverse for training purposes. Furthermore, the results of the user test highlight the promising potential of the architecture due to its flexibility and adaptability.