A proposed process for trichlorfon and β-cyclodextrinInclusion complexation by DFT investigation

The current investigation uses the density functional theory (DFT) with the M06-2X functional and 6-31G (d, p) basis set to examine the interaction between trichlorfon (TCF) and the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The primary objective of our study is to gain an insight into the molecular characteristics of this interaction by analyzing quantum parameters such as the HOMO–LUMO gap, the HOMO, and the LUMO. Two potential encapsulation modes, designated as A and B models, were identified for TCF. The thermodynamic assessments including complexation energies and alterations in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy indicate a stable and advantageous encapsulation procedure. The independent gradient model (IGMH) provides insights into the non-covalent interactions in developing the TCF@β-CD complex. The observed stability can be mainly attributed to a significant intermolecular hydrogen bond emphasized by the NBO and EDA and weak van der Waals forces. The results of our study indicate that β-CD as macrocycle has the potential to be a suitable trap for trichlorfon.