A comprehensive review on the synthesis of substituted piperazine and its novel bio-medicinal applications

Piperazine is two nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound. The fundamental activity of the piperazine is due to the 1,4-position of nitrogen atoms and their substitutions. The SN₁ reaction is followed by the others alkylation and substitution reactions. Substituted piperazine derivatives hold an important position for the development of crucial drugs. They exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities e.g. antitubercular, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic and antimalarial. Immense numbers of biological activities displayed by disubstituted piperazine derivatives are due to the presence of two nitrogen atoms in the ring. Keeping in mind their biological activity profile, a series of novel 1,4-substituted piperazine synthesized derivatives were collected. All the prepared derivatives are expected to show different biological activities particularly enzyme inhibition activities against α-Amylase.