生活方式医学治疗心脏病、糖尿病和脑血管疾病的前景

Aleksandra Pikula MD , Mahima Gulati MD, MSc , Jonathan P. Bonnet MD, MPH , Sarah Ibrahim MN, PhD , Svetlana Chamoun MD, PhD , Andrew M. Freeman MD , Koushik Reddy MD
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引用次数: 0

摘要

非传染性慢性病的负担对个人、医疗保健系统和全球经济造成了相关的负面影响。慢性病是导致残疾和死亡的主要原因,占医疗支出的 90%。最常见的慢性病是糖尿病(DM)、心血管疾病和脑血管疾病(中风和血管性认知障碍)。这些疾病的可改变风险因素(MRFs)包括高血压、高脂血症、吸烟、不良饮食和运动量少;其中高血压是最普遍的可改变风险因素。生活方式医学是一门通过一级、二级和三级预防方法解决慢性病根源的医学专业。生活方式医学包括六大支柱(营养、体育锻炼、睡眠健康、减压、社会联系和药物使用),通过各种行为方法,重点关注有规律的体育锻炼、健康饮食、优质和适量的睡眠、有意义的社会联系以及减少压力和药物使用。本文将简要回顾生活方式医学各个支柱在解决糖尿病、心脑血管疾病(特别是中风和血管性认知障碍)的潜在 MRF 方面的证据和前景。生活方式医学为全面和大幅改善人口健康带来了巨大希望。然而,在社会范围内采用生活方式医学需要采取多方面的方法,广泛的整合将促进模式的转变,从根源上预防、治疗或逆转慢性疾病,实现健康公平。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Promise of Lifestyle Medicine for Heart Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cerebrovascular Diseases

The burden of noncommunicable chronic diseases has relevant and negative consequences to persons, health care systems, and economies worldwide. Chronic diseases are the leading cause of disability and mortality and are responsible for 90% of health care expenditure. The most common chronic diseases are diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease (stroke and vascular cognitive impairment). Modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for these conditions include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, poor diet, and low-physical activity; with hypertension being the most prevalent MRF. Most MRFs can be successfully targeted through lifestyle medicine (LSM), which is a medical specialty that addresses the root causes of chronic diseases through its primary, secondary, and tertiary preventative approaches. Lifestyle medicine comprises 6 pillars (nutrition, physical activity, sleep health, stress reduction, social connections, and substance use) which through various behavioral approaches, focus on regular physical activity, healthy eating, good quality and quantity sleep, and meaningful social connections coupled with the reduction of stress and substance use. This paper will briefly review the evidence and promise of individual LSM pillars in addressing the underlying MRFs of DM, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (specifically stroke and vascular cognitive impairment). Lifestyle medicine holds a great promise for comprehensive and much improved population health. However, the adoption of LSM at the societal scale requires a multifaceted approach and widespread integration would galvanize a paradigm shift to prevent, treat or reverse chronic diseases from the root causes and achieve health equity.

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来源期刊
Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes
Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes Surgery, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Public Health and Health Policy
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