前瞻性政策分析--批判性解释综述。

IF 2.9 3区 医学 Q2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Ligia Paina, Ruth Young, Oyinkansola Oladapo, Jose Leandro, Zhixi Chen, Takeru Igusa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大多数政策分析方法和手段都是回顾性的。因此,人们呼吁更多地实时记录医疗改革的核心政治经济因素。我们试图在文献中强调前瞻性政策分析 (PPA) 的方法和以往的应用,以记录 PPA 的有目的使用,并反思其机遇和弊端。我们采用了批判性解释综合(CIS)方法,因为我们的初步范围界定显示,文献中对 PPA 的定义并不一致。虽然我们发现了几个 PPA 的例子,但所有例子都是由研究人员主导的,大多数都是最近发表的,很少有例子描述了参与政策过程的机制。此外,所使用的方法往往是简单描述,报告的时间跨度也相对较短。大多数研究来自高收入国家,在我们的样本中,这些研究并不总是清楚地概述了 PPA 的基本原理以及这种分析是如何概念化的。只有约五分之一的文章明确定义了 PPA,这突出表明,开展 PPA 的研究人员和从业人员应更好地记录其意图,并思考 PPA 的关键要素。尽管人们普遍认识到政策过程是动态的,理想情况下需要进行多方面的纵向研究,但目前文献中对 PPA 方法的记载并不多。不过,本文所报道的几篇文章可能高估了 PPA 应用方面的差距。更有可能的情况是,研究人员前瞻性地参与了政策制定过程,但并不一定从这个角度撰写文章,而且非学术界人士主导的分析可能不会进入发表的文献。未来的研究应包括测试和完善拟议框架的实例,以及设计和报告 PPA 的实例。即使决策者的参与不可行,实时政策监测本身也可能具有价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prospective policy analysis-a critical interpretive synthesis review.

Most policy analysis methods and approaches are applied retrospectively. As a result, there have been calls for more documentation of the political-economy factors central to health care reforms in real-time. We sought to highlight the methods and previous applications of prospective policy analysis (PPA) in the literature to document purposeful use of PPA and reflect on opportunities and drawbacks. We used a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) approach as our initial scoping revealed that PPA is inconsistently defined in the literature. While we found several examples of PPA, all were researcher-led, most were published recently and few described mechanisms for engagement in the policy process. In addition, methods used were often summarily described and reported on relatively short prospective time horizons. Most of the studies stemmed from high-income countries and, across our sample, did not always clearly outline the rationale for a PPA and how this analysis was conceptualized. That only about one-fifth of the articles explicitly defined PPA underscores the fact that researchers and practitioners conducting PPA should better document their intent and reflect on key elements essential for PPA. Despite a wide recognition that policy processes are dynamic and ideally require multifaceted and longitudinal examination, the PPA approach is not currently frequently documented in the literature. However, the few articles reported in this paper might overestimate gaps in PPA applications. More likely, researchers are embedded in policy processes prospectively but do not necessarily write their articles from that perspective, and analyses led by non-academics might not make their way into the published literature. Future research should feature examples of testing and refining the proposed framework, as well as designing and reporting on PPA. Even when policy-maker engagement might not be feasible, real-time policy monitoring might have value in and of itself.

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来源期刊
Health policy and planning
Health policy and planning 医学-卫生保健
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
3.10%
发文量
98
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Health Policy and Planning publishes health policy and systems research focusing on low- and middle-income countries. Our journal provides an international forum for publishing original and high-quality research that addresses questions pertinent to policy-makers, public health researchers and practitioners. Health Policy and Planning is published 10 times a year.
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