导言:第一波手语研究--回忆录选集

IF 0.5 Q3 LINGUISTICS
Penny Boyes Braem, Virginia Volterra, Robbin Battison, Nancy Frishberg, Carol Padden
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引用次数: 0

摘要

以下是内容的简要摘录,以代替摘要: 导言:手语研究的第一波浪潮--精选回忆录 彭妮-博伊斯-布拉姆(简历)、弗吉尼亚-沃尔特拉(简历)、罗宾-巴蒂森(简历)、南希-弗里什伯格(简历)和卡罗尔-帕登(简历) 为什么要出版特刊?威廉-斯托克(William Stokoe)于 1972 年创立了手语研究(SLS),时隔五十年,我们有理由对半个世纪以来的研究和发现表示感谢,并对其起源进行反思。因为自早期以来,已经发生了许多变化。还有许多故事尚未被讲述。大约五十年前,我们中的两个人(博伊斯-布拉姆和沃尔泰拉)写了一篇回忆录,讲述了我们进入手语研究这一新兴领域的第一步。SLS [尾页 185]的编辑们随后提议将其扩展到其他先驱研究人员的回忆录中,这也与该期刊的 50 周年纪念相吻合。于是,这期特刊应运而生,Frishberg、Padden 和 Battison 加入了 Boyes Braem 和 Volterra 的编辑团队。我们收集了北美和欧洲十二种不同手语的早期研究者提供的 23 篇文章,以及一份关于六个亚洲国家和夏威夷手语的简短报告。我们要求每位撰稿人描述他们在自己国家开始手语研究的第一步,并以自己的方式讲述。我们还鼓励他们提及在开始工作时所面临的任何特殊情况。由此产生的文集是一个新的研究领域如何诞生的历史文献。我们相信,这些个人细节以及各种动机和背景会引起广大读者的兴趣,不仅是该领域的资深人士,他们会认识到自己的先驱朋友,而且年轻的研究人员也会希望了解手语语言学和相关领域的根源。范围和限制 为了确保本期的可行性,我们主要邀请了 1980 年前在美国和 1990 年前在欧洲发表过手语描述的研究人员。我们的目标不是记录该领域五十年来的变化,而只是描述其起步阶段。虽然这一截止日期可能排除了一些早期研究人员,而且并非我们邀请的每个人都能参与,但这本文集仍能让我们对这一领域的起源有一个有代表性的了解。导言之后是一份简短的撰稿人名单,他们在名单中介绍了自己最初参与手语研究的原因。遗憾的是,一些极具影响力的研究人员因年事已高而未能参与其中,其中包括威廉-斯托克(William Stokoe)、伯纳德-特尔沃尔特(Bernard Tervoort)、保罗-朱伊森(Paul Jouison)、乌苏拉-贝鲁吉(Ursula Bellugi)、爱德华-克里马(Edward Klima)、哈伦-莱恩(Harlan Lane)、玛丽-布伦南(Mary Brennan)、英格尔-阿尔格伦(Inger Ahlgren)、哈里-马科维茨(Harry Markowicz)、伯纳德-莫特兹(Bernard Mottez)和埃琳娜-皮佐托(Elena Pizzuto)。虽然其中一些先驱已有传记和回忆录,但我们还是请曾与他们中的任何一位密切合作过的撰稿人分享他们对他们的回忆。[早期研究人员是如何以及为何开始研究的?也许不足为奇的是,将近一半的研究者都是在早期的教育环境中接触到手语的,这些教育环境要么是学校中的聋哑儿童,要么是高等教育机构中的聋哑学生。半数以上的撰稿人对手语有所了解,或是因为他们的家人或朋友在成长过程中使用手语,或是因为他们本身就是聋人手语使用者。还有许多人是通过学术好奇心或其他偶然的渠道进入手语研究领域的。这些文章清楚地表明,手语结构研究与手语习得、教育或口译高度交织在一起,许多早期的语言学研究都是受这些领域经验的影响而撰写的。马赫(Maher,1996 年)对斯托科以及其他许多手语研究者也有过类似的报道,例如维尔梅尔伯根(Vermeerbergen,2006 年)、麦克伯尼(McBurney,2012 年)、沃尔(Woll,2013 年)、巴蒂森(Battison,2016 年,2000 年)、胡尔斯特(Hulst,2022 年),以及肯登(Kendon,2002 年)和阿姆斯特朗、斯托科和威尔科克斯(Armstrong,1995 年)等手语和手势研究的文章。美国与欧洲的环境 这些首批研究人员所面临的学术和社会条件往往因国家不同而大相径庭。例如,在意大利和瑞士,当地的聋人手语社区比美国的更小更少......
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Introduction: The First Wave of Sign Language Research—Selected Memoirs
In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

  • Introduction:The First Wave of Sign Language Research—Selected Memoirs
  • Penny Boyes Braem (bio), Virginia Volterra (bio), Robbin Battison (bio), Nancy Frishberg (bio), and Carol Padden (bio)

Why a Special Issue?

Fifty years after William Stokoe founded Sign Language Studies (SLS) in 1972, we have reason to give thanks for a half-century of research and discovery, and to reflect on its origins. Because much has changed since those early days. And many stories have not yet been told.

The idea for a special issue arose when two of us (Boyes Braem and Volterra) wrote a short memoir relating our first steps into the nascent field of sign language research about fifty years ago. The SLS [End Page 185] editors then proposed expanding it to include memoirs from other pioneering researchers, which would also align with the journal's fiftieth anniversary.

Thus, this special issue was born, with Frishberg, Padden, and Battison joining Boyes Braem and Volterra on the editorial team. We gathered twenty-three contributions from early researchers of twelve different sign languages in North America and Europe, as well as a short report on sign languages in six Asian countries and Hawai'i.

We asked each of these contributors to describe their first steps in beginning research on the sign language in their country, and to tell it in their own way. They were also encouraged to mention any special conditions they faced as they began their work.

The resulting collection serves as historical documentation of how a new research field is born. We believe that the personal details and variety of motivations and settings will interest a wide range of readers—not only the veterans of the field who will recognize their pioneering friends, but also younger researchers seeking insights into the roots of sign language linguistics and related fields.

Scope and Limitations

To ensure the issue's feasibility, we primarily invited researchers who published descriptions of sign languages before 1980 in the United States and before 1990 in Europe. Our goal was not to document how the field has changed over fifty years, but simply to describe the startup phases. Although this cutoff may exclude some early researchers, and not everyone we invited could participate, the collection still offers a representative glimpse into the origins of this field. Following this Introduction is a short list of our contributors, in which they describe why they first became involved in sign language research.

Sadly, it was too late for some very influential researchers to contribute, as they are no longer with us—among them William Stokoe, Bernard Tervoort, Paul Jouison, Ursula Bellugi, Edward Klima, Harlan Lane, Mary Brennan, Inger Ahlgren, Harry Markowicz, Bernard Mottez, and Elena Pizzuto. Although biographies and memoirs already exist for some of these pioneers, we asked contributors who worked closely with any of them to share their memories about them. [End Page 186]

How and Why Did Early Researchers Begin?

Perhaps not surprisingly, nearly half of the contributing researchers became curious about signing from some early experience in an educational setting involving either deaf children in schools or deaf students in institutes of higher education. And more than half of the contributors had been aware of sign language, either because they grew up with families or friends who signed or are themselves deaf native signers. Many others found their way to sign language research through academic curiosity or other serendipitous channels.

These articles make it clear that studies of sign language structure were highly intertwined with sign language acquisition, education, or interpreting, with many early linguistic studies being written by people influenced by their experiences in these other fields. This has also been reported by Maher (1996) for Stokoe as well as by others for many other sign language researchers, for example, Vermeerbergen (2006), McBurney (2012), Woll (2013), Battison (2016, 2000), Hulst (2022), and in articles on sign language and gesture studies, such as Kendon (2002) and Armstrong, Stokoe, and Wilcox (1995).

American vs. European Settings

The academic and social conditions facing these first researchers often differed greatly from one country to the next. For example, in Italy and Switzerland, where local deaf signing communities were smaller and fewer than in the United States...

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来源期刊
Sign Language Studies
Sign Language Studies LINGUISTICS-
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
11
期刊介绍: Sign Language Studies publishes a wide range of original scholarly articles and essays relevant to signed languages and signing communities. The journal provides a forum for the dissemination of important ideas and opinions concerning these languages and the communities who use them. Topics of interest include linguistics, anthropology, semiotics, Deaf culture, and Deaf history and literature.
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