Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in a Recently Abstinent Chronic User: Assessment and Intervention

BACKGROUND: Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a condition characterized by episodic bursts of vomitingand abdominal pain linked to cannabis use. The clinical picture mimics an acute abdomen and is often misdiagnosed,especially when the patient avoids reporting their cannabis use for legal reasons.CASE REPORT: We report on the case of a 33-year-old man that was brought to the emergency room with a history of3 days of non-bloody, non-projectile, and non-bilious brownish vomit, coupled with severe epigastric and left hypochondriacpain, and a slight fever. He was a daily cannabis user for several years and had stopped using a week or so before theonset of the symptoms, as he was traveling to a country with more restrictive cannabis laws. His condition deterioratedrapidly, followed by emergency room attendance, thorough diagnostic work-up, and unsuccessful interventions, includingintravenous treatment with the anti-emetic Ondansetron. The patient was referred to a psychiatrist after a suspectedpsychogenic etiology by the medical team. The history was suggestive of CHS and also included anxious, depressedmood with ‘brain fog’. The abdominal pain was the most severe complaint. A combination of tramadol, promethazine,and mirtazapine given on an outpatient basis led to full recovery within 10 days.CONCLUSION: CHS can occur soon after the interruption of chronic cannabis use and overlap with withdrawal symptom.A combination of anti-histaminergic, opioid-based medication, and antidepressant mirtazapine seemed an effectivetreatment of CHS, which resulted in a relatively quick recovery.