晚全新世以来圣豪尔赫湾北部海岸(阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚中部)的羽鳍动物历史生态学

Ariadna Svoboda, Damián G Vales
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大西洋巴塔哥尼亚的圣豪尔赫湾北部海岸是公认的海洋生物多样性热点地区,被指定为重点保护区域。在海洋哺乳动物中,该地区栖息着三种针足类动物。与南美海狗(Arctocephalus australis)相比,南美海狮(Otaria flavescens)的数量更多,群落数量也更大,但也有少数南象海豹(Mirounga leonina)栖息在该地区。然而,在十八世纪之前,人们对这些针足类动物的数量和分布知之甚少,十八世纪后,各种采掘活动开始盛行,包括不受管制的毛皮和石油开采。本研究的目的是考察古代长脚类动物的分布和相对丰度是否有别于现今的种群。为此,我们对来自公元前 6000 年至公元前 600 14C 年的考古遗存中的凤尾鱼骨骸进行了特异性鉴定,并查阅了历史资料,将这些回顾性数据与现代生态文献进行对比。研究结果表明,随着时间的推移,针鱼群落中物种的相对丰度发生了变化。在大多数全新世晚期的针足类动物群落中,海狗的相对丰度大于或等于海狮。此外,在历史上和晚全新世时期,海狗在目前非常罕见的地方也有记录。这些发现与巴塔哥尼亚沿岸其他考古遗址中记录的海狗较高的相对丰度相一致,表明现代海狗的分布和丰度受到了商业捕猎的严重影响。这项研究有助于更好地了解人类对圣若尔盖湾北部海岸海洋生态系统影响的性质和程度。它还为加强保护政策和恢复工作提供了历史基线信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Historical ecology of pinnipeds of the northern coast of the San Jorge Gulf (central Patagonia, Argentina) since the Late-Holocene
The northern coast of the San Jorge Gulf, Atlantic Patagonia, is recognised as a marine biodiversity hot spot and is designated as a priority conservation area. Among marine mammals, three species of pinnipeds inhabit the region. While South American sea lions ( Otaria flavescens) have a higher abundance and a larger number of colonies than South American fur seals ( Arctocephalus australis), a few individuals of the Southern elephant seal ( Mirounga leonina) reside in the region. Nevertheless, little is known about the abundance and distribution of these pinnipeds before the 18th century, when various extractive activities became widespread, including the unregulated exploitation of furs and oil. This study aims to examine whether the distribution and relative abundance of ancient pinnipeds differ from present-day populations. To achieve this, we conducted inter-specific identification of pinniped bone remains coming from archaeological assemblages dated from 6000 to 600 14C years BP and reviewed historical sources to contrast these retrospective data with modern ecological literature. The results suggest changes over time in the relative abundances of species within the pinniped community. The relative abundance of fur seals was greater than or equal to that of sea lions in most Late-Holocene pinniped assemblages. Additionally, fur seals have been recorded in historical and Late-Holocene periods in places where they are currently very rare. These findings are consistent with the higher relative abundance of fur seals recorded in other archaeological sites along the Patagonian coast, suggesting that modern distribution and abundance have been heavily affected by commercial hunting. This study contributes to a better understanding of the nature and magnitude of the anthropic impact on the marine ecosystem of the northern coast of the San Jorge Gulf. It also provides historical baseline information to strengthen conservation policies and restoration efforts.
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