半水栖巨蜥的潜水行为导致热量损失,其耐冷性因性别而异

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Alexandra M. Martin, Christopher K. Boccia, Lindsey Swierk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要雄性和雌性在使用反捕食者行为方面常常存在差异,特别是当反捕食者行为以错失交配机会或领地防御为代价时。外温动物在使用温度不理想的避难所时尤其容易受到这些代价的影响,因为它们的表现与体温有关。为了逃离捕食者,半水栖的Anolis蜥蜴会长期潜入水下,并从气泡中呼吸。我们假设,利用水生避难所会导致体热损失,潜水持续时间受性别影响,潜水时的耗氧量有助于解释性别差异。我们通过测量水栖蚁的潜水时间和体温,以及记录几种半水栖蚁在受控潜水过程中的耗氧量和最终氧分压,对这些假设进行了验证。潜水不仅需要付出巨大的热代价,而且雌雄水龙似乎能承受不同程度的热代价:雄性水龙比雌性水龙出水更快,体温更高。体温按指数衰减函数下降,5 分钟内最高下降 6 °C。半水栖鳗鱼的耗氧率主要是通过预期的与质量的等比例关系来解释的,因此不太可能导致潜水时间生理极限的性别差异。相反,雄性潜水时间较短可能有助于它们维持生理机能、交配机会或领地防御。为了躲避捕食者,半水栖的Anolis蜥蜴可以潜入水下,并通过在头顶上回呼一个气泡来长时间停留在水下。在这项研究中,我们发现潜入水中躲避捕食者也是有代价的:浸入水中会降低蜥蜴的体温。体温降低会影响蜥蜴快速移动和保卫配偶或领地的能力,这表明雌雄蜥蜴的潜水行为可能存在差异。我们的研究结果证实,雄性蜥蜴在水下的时间确实比雌性蜥蜴少。我们测量了潜水时的耗氧量,数据表明潜水行为的性别差异与耗氧量无关。这项研究揭示了不同性别在反捕食行为和维持最佳体温之间的平衡,更广泛地有助于深入了解对环境挑战的适应性反应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Diving behavior in semi-aquatic Anolis lizards results in heat loss with sex-specific cooling tolerance

Diving behavior in semi-aquatic Anolis lizards results in heat loss with sex-specific cooling tolerance

Abstract

Males and females often differ in use of antipredator behaviors, particularly when antipredator behavior comes at the cost of missed mating opportunities or territory defense. When using thermally suboptimal refugia, ectotherms are especially vulnerable to these costs, as their performance is linked to body temperature. To flee from predators, semi-aquatic Anolis lizards dive underwater for long periods and rebreathe from a bubble of air. We hypothesized that using aquatic refugia would result in body heat loss, that dive duration is influenced by sex, and that oxygen consumption when diving would help explain sex differences. We tested these hypotheses by measuring dive length and body temperatures in A. aquaticus, and by recording oxygen consumption and final oxygen partial pressure during controlled dives in several semi-aquatic Anolis species. Not only was there a significant thermal cost to diving, but A. aquaticus males and females appeared to tolerate different levels of this cost: males re-emerged from water more quickly and at higher body temperatures than did females. Body temperature decreased according to an exponential decay function, dropping up to 6 °C in 5 min. Oxygen consumption rates in semi-aquatic anoles were primarily explained by the expected allometric scaling relationship with mass and, therefore, are unlikely to lead to sex differences in physiological limits to dive times. Instead, shorter male dives may help them maintain physiological performance, mating opportunities or territory defense. Antipredator diving behavior is physiologically costly but undoubtedly beneficial to both sexes, highlighting the need for further study of sex-based antipredator optimization.

Significance statement

To avoid predators, semi-aquatic Anolis lizards can dive underwater and remain there for an extended time by rebreathing a bubble of air over their heads. In this study, we reveal that diving to escape predators also comes with a cost: submersion in water reduces lizard body temperatures. Reduced body temperature can impair a lizard’s ability to move quickly and defend mates or territories, suggesting that there may be divergent diving behaviors in males and females. Our findings confirm that males do indeed spend less time underwater than females. We measured oxygen consumption during dives, and our data suggest that sex differences in diving behavior are unrelated to oxygen use. This study sheds light on the sex-specific balance of antipredator behaviors and the maintenance of optimal body temperatures, and more broadly contributes insight into adaptive responses to environmental challenges.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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