Determination of the Drop Size and Distributions in Swirl Injection in Cross Flows, Impinging, and Effervescent Injectors

We have extended the primary atomization analysis to swirl injection in cross flows, impinging and effervescent injectors. Using the integral form of the conservation equations, the drop size can be expressed in terms of injection and fluid parameters, the main variable being the liquid and gas velocities. Using the measured velocities as inputs to this D32-equation, good agreement with experimental data is found for the three spray geometries. This analytical solution can also be used as the drop size-velocity correlation, to generate drop size distributions. In contrast to modeling, current approach uses a universal theoretical framework, and different velocity and viscous dissipation terms are input to find the drop size. Similar to previous work, this method can also be used as the primary atomization module in computational simulations of sprays in these injection geometries.