Evaluation of karst aquifer development and karst water resource potential using fuzzy logic model (FAHP) and analysis hierarchy process (AHP): a case study, North of Iran

Abstract

This research addresses the severe water shortage in Iran, focusing on the Hashtgerd watershed, through the innovative use of remote sensing and sophisticated modeling techniques. Given the alarming depletion of surface and groundwater in the region, the study explores unconventional water sources for consumption and agricultural purposes. It employs a methodical fusion of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and Analytical Hierarchy Process to assess the viability of karst aquifers. Central to the analysis is eight critical criteria: geology, precipitation, temperature, slope, fault density, altitude, slope direction, and waterway density, all pivotal for understanding the environmental factors influencing water resources. The FAHP model reveals a considerable potential for karst aquifer development in the northern and northeastern segments of the watershed, constituting about 19% of the analyzed area. In contrast, the AHP model identifies a somewhat smaller area with potential, approximately 6%, in the same regions. This discrepancy underscores the differing predictive strengths of these models. Field observations play a crucial role in the study, confirming the FAHP model’s enhanced precision compared to the AHP model. This finding is essential for the effective management of water resources, offering a dependable method for locating potential water sources in dry regions. This study provides valuable insights into sustainable water management strategies in semi-arid areas, demonstrating the successful integration of remote sensing with analytical models. It offers an innovative solution to water scarcity challenges, with potential applications in similar global settings. This research also signifies the effectiveness of specific techniques in evaluating karst and carbonate rock aquifers.