Preparation of Nanodiamond–Lysozyme–Miramistin Composite and Prospects of Its Application in Heart Valve Prosthetics

Creation of biocompatible coatings for xenogenic materials that can be used to manufacture prosthetic heart valves is an urgent and, unfortunately, still unsolved problem. It is necessary to obtain a biomaterial that would comply with the mechanical characteristics of a human valve and possess antimicrobial properties, which are of critical importance during the first postsurgical days. Biocompatible coatings can be used for this purpose, and it has turned out that detonation nanodiamonds are suitable for their preparation. The developed functional surface of nanodiamonds allows them to adsorb antibiotics; nanodiamonds are nontoxic and do not cause additional calcification. In this study, we have proposed to prepare a composite coating composed of nanodiamonds, lysozyme, and miramistin as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The use of tritium-labeled nanodiamonds has made it possible to study the distribution of nanodiamond–lysozyme complexes after intravenous administration to mice and showed that the majority of the material remains at the place of injection. It has been shown that nanodiamond–lysozyme–miramistin composites exhibit strong antimicrobial activity, while the nanodiamond–miramistin complex shows no toxicity with respect to Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the nanodiamond–lysozyme–miramistin composite can be used to create coatings for materials of prosthetic heart valves.