Blockchain technology design based on food safety and halal risk analysis in the beef supply chain with FMEA-FTA

Beef has an important role in the health of the body. Food safety and halal are the main factors for consumers in purchasing beef. However, in reality, several activities in the beef supply chain result in status changes to be unsafe and not halal for consumption. This occurs due to weak food safety and halal supervision in the beef supply chain system. Therefore, this study proposes the use of blockchain technology to strengthen the food safety and halal supervision system in the beef supply chain. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify food safety and halal risk factors, and (2) to develop a blockchain technology design for mitigating food safety and halal risks in the beef supply chain. This research uses the FMEA method to measure risks and FTA for risk analysis. The results showed that 30 risks were identified in the beef supply chain. The highest risk is the absence of a halal certificate on the product. The 30 risks are grouped into 4 risks that are included in extreme priority risk, 11 risks in high priority risk, 4 risks in moderate risk, and 11 risks as acceptable risk. Based on these results, the role of blockchain technology to minimize risk is in the flow of data, and transactions will be easier to track, more transparent, and safer to use as part of the control and supervision system for food safety and halal standards in the beef supply chain. This research has implications for transparency in the supply chain, the accuracy of product track records, prevention of food poisoning, improving halal compliance, risk management and thus increasing consumer confidence.