Retrospective Analysis of Once-Daily Versus Twice-Daily Insulin Glargine Dosing in Noncritically Ill Individuals

Insulin is the treatment of choice for diabetes care in the hospital. There is some debate regarding the efficacy and safety of once-daily versus twice-daily insulin glargine in the hospital, particularly in the critically ill population. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine administered as a once-daily versus twice-daily regimen in the noncritically ill population. A retrospective chart review was conducted from 1 June 2020 to 31 May 2021. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and on a regimen of either once-daily or twice-daily insulin glargine for ≥72 hours during the specified time frame. The primary end point was a comparison of the number of days with all blood glucose measurements within the range of 70–180 mg/dL throughout a 24-hour period. Secondary end points included the number of hyperglycemic (>180 mg/dL) and hypoglycemic (<70 mg/dL) events that occurred in each study group. Group 1 included 101 individuals who received once-daily dosing, and group 2 included 103 individuals who received twice-daily dosing. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups except for a higher BMI at admission (P = 0.01) and a higher pre-admission A1C (P = 0.02) in group 2. No differences were found for the primary end point (P = 0.5) or for hypoglycemic (P = 0.6) or hyperglycemic (P = 0.7) events. There were no significant differences in efficacy or safety between once-daily and twice-daily insulin glargine in the noncritically ill population. A larger prospective study could confirm these results.