从美国中西部水源中分离并鉴定吸附性和致病性钩端螺旋体菌株

C. Hamond, Karen LeCount, T. Anderson, E. J. Putz, T. Stuber, J. Hicks, Patrick Camp, H. van der Linden, D. Bayles, L. Schlater, J. Nally
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引用次数: 0

摘要

钩端螺旋体属是一个多样而独特的细菌群,由多种吸食性和致病性物种组成,可在适宜的潮湿环境中生存和存活。致病菌会引起人类和动物钩端螺旋体病,这是一种全球性的被忽视的人畜共患疾病。疾病的传播途径是接触受污染的水和潮湿的土壤环境,或接触家畜和野生动物(它们是通过尿液排出钩端螺旋体的贮存宿主)。在这里,我们描述了从美国中西部水源中分离出的钩端螺旋体吸附性和致病性物种的意外多样性。2021 年夏天,志愿者在爱荷华州的 11 个县收集了水源样本,包括水坑、污水、小溪、池塘、湖泊和河流。对 155 份水样进行了培养检测,以确定是否存在吸附性和致病性物种,并通过专门检测病原体的 lipL32 qPCR 进行了检测;其中 82 份(78.1%)培养呈阳性,5 份(4.8%)通过 lipL32 qPCR 呈阳性。对从水样中培养出的分离物进行全基因组测序,确定了 10 个吸浆菌种,即 L. montravelensis、L. kemamanensis、L. bandrabouensis、L. bourretii、L. bouyouniensis、L. chreensis、L. ellinghausenii、L. terpstrae、L. yanagawae 和 L. abararensis,以及 3 个新型吸浆菌种。全基因组测序还发现了两个新的致病物种。其余的培养物由营养繁殖型物种的混合种群组成,6 种由营养繁殖型物种和致病性物种的混合种群组成。对其中一个混合培养物进行了富集,以筛选出致病性钩端螺旋体的克隆分离物--菌株 WS101.C1,该菌株被归类为 L. interrogans 血清群 Djasiman serovar Djasiman。累计有 9.5%(10/105)的水样对致病性钩端螺旋体呈阳性反应。这项研究强调了美国中西部水源中钩端螺旋体的多样性,并为探索该属的地理多样性和进化提供了独特的机会。通过鉴定当地水源中存在的已知和新型致病物种,凸显了它们作为诊断抗原的潜在用途,以及水在人类和动物群体感染传播中的作用。整合人类、动物和环境健康方面的知识对于控制和预测人畜共患病的风险至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Isolation and characterization of saprophytic and pathogenic strains of Leptospira from water sources in the Midwestern United States
The genus Leptospira is a diverse and unique group of bacteria comprising multiple saprophytic and pathogenic species, which survive and persist in suitable moist environments. Pathogenic species cause human and animal leptospirosis, a global and neglected zoonotic disease. Disease transmission occurs by exposure to contaminated water and moist soil environments or by contact with domestic animals and wildlife acting as reservoir hosts that shed Leptospira via urine. Here, we describe the unexpected diversity of saprophytic and pathogenic species of Leptospira isolated from water in the Midwestern United States. Samples were collected by volunteers in 11 counties in Iowa from water sources, including puddles, sewage, creeks, ponds, lakes, and rivers, during the summer of 2021. One hundred and five water samples were tested by culture for the presence of saprophytic and pathogenic species and by lipL32 qPCR specific for the detection of pathogens; 82 (78.1%) were culture positive and five (4.8%) were positive by lipL32 qPCR. Whole genome sequencing of isolates cultured from water samples identified 10 species of saprophytes, namely L. montravelensis, L. kemamanensis, L. bandrabouensis, L. bourretii, L. bouyouniensis, L. chreensis, L. ellinghausenii, L. terpstrae, L. yanagawae, and L. abararensis, as well as three novel saprophytic species. Whole genome sequencing also identified two novel pathogenic species. The remaining cultures comprised mixed populations of saprophytic species and six comprised a mixture of saprophytic and pathogenic species. One of these mixed cultures was enriched to select for a clonal isolate of pathogenic Leptospira, strain WS101.C1, which was classified as L. interrogans serogroup Djasiman serovar Djasiman. Cumulatively, 9.5% (10/105) of water samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira. This study emphasizes the diversity of Leptospira present in water sources in the Midwestern United States and provides unique opportunities to explore the geographic diversity and evolution of this genus. The identification of known and novel pathogenic species circulating in local water sources highlights their potential usefulness as diagnostic antigens, as well as the role of water in the transmission of infection to human and animal populations. Integrating knowledge on human, animal, and environmental health is essential to control and predict risk for zoonoses.
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