基于性别的暴力及其对安达卢西亚(西班牙)妇女心理健康的长期影响:风险和保护因素

Amparo de Píñar-Prats, M. N. Pérez-Marfil
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摘要

本研究旨在探讨性别暴力(GBV)幸存者与长期存在的临床症状和心理困扰之间的关系。这是一项对 105 名妇女进行的横断面研究,其中 54 名妇女在研究前三年多曾遭受过基于性别的暴力。参与者的年龄从 24 岁到 73 岁不等。研究人员采用半结构式访谈、自尊、适应不良、压力感知、社会支持和复原力评估工具以及米隆临床多轴问卷-III(MCMI-III)对她们进行了评估。我们利用组间差异和线性回归分析来确定哪些变量对基于性别的暴力女性幸存者当前的心理健康状况影响最大。我们发现,自尊、适应不良、社会支持和感知压力的水平存在差异。大多数 MCMI-III 量表也存在差异,显示出抑郁和偏执人格的模式。研究发现,童年时期遭受过基于性别的暴力会导致病态和情绪困扰的增加。社会支持已被证明是焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍的保护因素。基于性别的暴力应被视为一种需要特殊治疗的独特暴力形式,而不仅仅是另一种形式的人际暴力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gender-based violence and its long-term impact on women’s mental health in Andalusia (Spain): risk and protective factors
The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between surviving gender-based violence (GBV) and the long-term presence of clinical symptoms and psychological distress. This was a cross-sectional study of 105 women, 54 of whom had experienced GBV more than three years prior to the study. Participants ranged in age from 24 to 73 years old. They were assessed using a semi-structured interview, instruments to assess self-esteem, maladjustment, perceived stress, social support and resilience, and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Between-group differences and linear regression analyses were used to determine which variables had the greatest impact on the current psychological health status of women survivors of GBV. We found differences in levels of self-esteem, maladjustment, social support and perceived stress. There were also differences in most of the MCMI-III scales, indicating a pattern of depression and paranoid personality. Experiencing GBV in childhood was found to be predictive of increased pathology and emotional distress. Social support has been shown to be a protective factor for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. GBV should be treated as a distinct form of violence that requires specific treatment, rather than as just another form of interpersonal violence.
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