老敌人,新宿主:布基纳法索稻田中玉米条纹病毒的流行病学、遗传多样性和致病特征

N. Fouad, M. Barro, M. Bangratz, D. Sérémé, D. Filloux, Emmanuel Fernandez, Charlotte Julian, Nignan Saïbou, Abalo Itolou Kassankogno, Abdoul Kader Guigma, P. Roumagnac, I. Wonni, C. Tollenaere, N. Poulicard
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摘要

水稻对包括非洲在内的全球粮食安全至关重要。几十年来,只有两种影响非洲水稻生产的病毒得到了深入研究:水稻黄斑病病毒(Solemoviridae)和水稻条纹坏死病毒(Benyviridae)。利用病毒元基因组学,我们旨在拓宽与水稻景观中植物相关的相互作用群落的知识面,并探索布基纳法索水稻田中流行的病毒的多样性和流行病学状况。我们于 2016 年至 2019 年期间在该国开展了一项流行病学调查,涉及两种生产系统(雨水灌溉低地和灌溉区)下的 57 块小农户稻田。我们按照常规计划采集了 2700 多份水稻样本,不考虑疾病症状。此外,还采集了生长在稻田附近的野生和栽培(玉米和甘蔗)禾本科植物。意想不到的是,元基因组学在分析的水稻样本中检测到了玉米条纹病毒(MSV,Geminiviridae)。利用 RCA-PCR 进行的进一步分子分析表明,MSV 广泛分布于雨水灌溉的低洼地和灌溉稻区,且流行率极高。已鉴定出 MSV-A 和 MSV-G 株系。MSV-G 目前只在野生禾本科植物中发现,是最普遍的菌株,而 MSV-A 则是零星发现的菌株,已知会在玉米中引起严重症状。通过在实验条件下使用感染性克隆,我们证实了这两种 MSV 株系对水稻的致病性。因此,除了有助于对非洲水稻生产进行流行病学监测外,我们的研究结果还揭示了一种研究最多的植物病毒的新的流行病学和致病方面的问题,这种病毒在非洲具有重大的经济影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Old foe, new host: Epidemiology, genetic diversity and pathogenic characterization of maize streak virus in rice fields from Burkina Faso
Rice is of critical significance regarding food security worldwide including in Africa. Only two viruses impacting rice production in Africa have been deeply investigated for decades: the rice yellow mottle virus (Solemoviridae) and the rice stripe necrosis virus (Benyviridae). Using viral metagenomics, we aimed at broadening knowledge on interacting communities associated with plants in rice landscapes and exploring the diversity and the epidemiological status of viruses circulating in rice fields from Burkina Faso. We performed an epidemiological survey in this country between 2016 and 2019 involving 57 small farmer’s rice fields under two production systems (rainfed lowlands and irrigated areas). More than 2700 rice samples were collected without regard for disease symptoms following a regular scheme. In addition, wild and cultivated (maize and sugarcane) Poaceae growing nearby rice fields were also collected. Unexpectedly, metagenomics detected maize streak virus (MSV, Geminiviridae) in analyzed rice samples. Further molecular analyses using RCA-PCR showed that MSV is widely distributed and highly prevalent in both rainfed lowlands and irrigated rice areas. MSV-A and MSV-G strains were identified. MSV-G, exclusively identified so far in wild grasses, was the most prevalent strain while MSV-A, known to cause severe symptoms in maize, was sporadically identified. Using infectious clones in experimental conditions, we confirmed the pathogenicity of both MSV strains on rice. Thus, in addition to contributing to the epidemiological surveillance of rice production in Africa, our results illuminate new epidemiological and pathogenic aspects of one of the most studied plant viruses with significant economic consequences in Africa.
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