Small cell lung cancer transformations from non-small cell lung cancer: Biological mechanism and clinical relevance

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, consisting of two major histological subtypes: small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In some cases, NSCLC patients may undergo a histological transformation to SCLC during clinical treatments, which is associated with resistance to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of SCLC transformation from NSCLC, including biological mechanism, clinical relevance, and potential treatment options after transformation, which may give a better understanding of SCLC transformation and provide support for further research to define better therapy options.