"家庭纠纷":1975 年杀害丹尼斯-霍金斯事件和纽约州罗切斯特警察局致命武力的遗留问题

Genealogy Pub Date : 2024-02-03 DOI:10.3390/genealogy8010015
Ted Forsyth, Mallory Szymanski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文通过对 1975 年罗切斯特警方杀害丹尼斯-霍金斯(Denise Hawkins)一案的研究,探讨了警察暴力、家庭创伤和警察改革之间的关系。迈克尔-利奇(Michael Leach)是一名 22 岁的白人警官,他接到了一个 "家庭纠纷 "报警,涉及霍金斯和她丈夫之间的家庭纠纷。当这名 18 岁、体重 100 磅的黑人女子从公寓里出来时,她手持一把菜刀。不到五秒钟,利奇就开枪将她打死,后来他声称是她危及了他的生命。虽然霍金斯的名字被列入被警察杀害的黑人妇女名单,但人们对她的生平和遗产知之甚少。利用报纸、警方记录和口述历史,我们研究了活动家们试图将为丹尼斯-霍金斯伸张正义的呼声扩大到全国范围的努力、警察局将利奇作为事件真正受害者的辩护,以及市领导在建立文职警察监督机制方面的妥协努力。在罗切斯特反抗警察暴力的强大历史背景下,我们认为 20 世纪 70 年代末的改革努力最终未能纠正警察使用致命武力的行为。此外,当迈克尔-利奇(Michael Leach)在2012年再次杀人--这次他误以为是入侵者而射杀了自己的儿子--他的辩护律师成功地将利奇描绘成了一个值得同情的人物。这部作品将焦点转移到丹尼斯-霍金斯(Denise Hawkins)身上,有助于黑人女权主义者呼吁纪念被警察杀害的黑人女性,并表明保护使用致命武力的警官的政策对警官及其受害者造成了广泛的、跨代的伤害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
“Family Trouble”: The 1975 Killing of Denise Hawkins and the Legacy of Deadly Force in the Rochester, NY Police Department
This paper examines the lineages of police violence, family trauma, and police reform through a case study of the Rochester police killing of Denise Hawkins in 1975. Michael Leach, a 22-year-old, white police officer, responded to a “family trouble” call involving a domestic dispute between Hawkins and her husband. When the 18-year-old, 100-pound Black woman emerged from the apartment, she held a kitchen knife. Within five seconds, Leach had shot and killed her, later claiming she endangered his life. Though Hawkins’ name is included in lists of Black women killed by police, little is known about her life and legacy. Using newspapers, police records, and oral history, we examine activists’ attempts to scale the call for justice for Denise Hawkins to the national level, the police department’s defense of Leach as the true victim in the incident, and the city leaders’ compromised efforts to establish a civilian oversight of police. Within the context of Rochester’s robust history of resistance to police violence, we argue that the reform efforts of the late 1970s ultimately failed to redress the police use of deadly force. Furthermore, when Michael Leach killed again in 2012—this time shooting his own son, whom he mistook for an intruder—his defense attorney successfully depicted Leach as the sympathetic figure. In shifting the focus to Denise Hawkins, this work contributes to the Black feminist call to memorialize Black women killed by police and suggests that the policies that protect the officers who use deadly force cause widespread, intergenerational harm to officers and their victims.
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