Congestion Avoidance in TCP Based on Optimized Random Forest with Improved Random Early Detection Algorithm

Transmission control protocol (TCP) ensures that data are safely and accurately transported over the network for applications that use the transport protocol to allow reliable information delivery. Nowadays, internet usage in the network is growing and has been developing many protocols in the network layer. Congestion leads to packet loss, the high time required for data transmission in the TCP protocol transport layer for end-to-end connections is one of the biggest issues with the internet. An optimized random forest algorithm (RFA) with improved random early detection (IRED) for congestion prediction and avoidance in transport layer is proposed to overcome the drawbacks. Data are initially gathered and sent through data pre-processing to improve the data quality. For data pre-processing, KNN-based missing value imputation is applied to replace the values that are missing in raw data and [Formula: see text]-score normalization is utilized to scale the data in a certain range. Following that, congestion is predicted using an optimized RFA and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is used to set the learning rate as efficiently as possible in order to reduce error and improve forecast accuracy. To avoid congestion, IRED method is utilized for a congestion-free network in the transport layer. Performance metrics are evaluated and compared with the existing techniques with respect to accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and error, whose values that occur for the proposed model are 98%, 98%, 99%, 98%, and 1%. Throughput and latency are also evaluated in the proposed method to determine the performance of the network. Finally, the proposed method performs better when compared to the existing techniques and prediction, and avoidance of congestion is identified accurately in the network.