Power Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Improvement of Radial Distribution Network Through the Installation of Capacitor and Distributed Generation (DG)

The growing demand for electricity has raised concerns about power dissipation in distribution systems. To mitigate these losses, capacitors and distributed generator (DGs), particularly solar PV are strategically placed within the system. This project is committed to reducing power losses and improving the voltage profile through an in-depth analysis, optimizing the placement of capacitor and DG along the distribution feeder. The application of forward and backward sweep (FBS) algorithms assists load flow analysis in distribution networks with high R/X ratios, while the incorporation of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) within MATLAB identifies optimal locations & size for capacitors and DGs inside the large solution space of this complex, nonlinear optimization problem. Test outcomes, conducted on an IEEE 33-bus test system as its convincing representation of medium sized distribution network providing a versatile platform for evaluating proposed methodologies with practical implementation, showcase load flow examination, improvements in voltage profiles and minimized energy dissipation. The methodology is further applied to the real distribution network of the Sallaghari-Thimi 11 kV feeder in Bhaktapur, Nepal, sustaining the approach's effectiveness in mitigating power losses and increasing voltage profiles. Distributed generation with capacitor outperforms capacitors, and DG integration in the power system results in significant reductions of 72.91% in real power loss and 63.45% in reactive power loss, with a notable 6.542% increase in voltage magnitude. Application of these strategies in the Thimi Sallaghari 11 kV feeder demonstrates significant power loss saving (up to 82.72%) and worthy improvements in voltage profiles (up to 5.32%), focusing on their effectiveness in enhancing operational efficiency. This approach provides a practical solution for optimizing capacitor and solar PV distributed generator placement in distribution networks considering various case scenarios.