陷入财务困境的公司和董事考虑债权人利益的义务:英澳两国对该义务的触发和适用的比较

Andrew Keay, Sulette Lombard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

许多普通法法域承认,当公司陷入财务困境时,董事有义务考虑公司债权人的利益。尽管有许多案例试图明确与这一义务相关的法律原则,也有大量关于这一主题的学术评论,但这一义务的参数仍然不确定。本文对澳大利亚和英国的最新判例法进行了分析比较,涉及与该义务相关的两个最重要的问题,即何时触发该义务以及董事必须做些什么才能确保遵守该义务。我们发现,英国法院似乎对该义务的触发采取了限制性更强的方法,而在澳大利亚,由于触发的框架比较宽松,该义务可能会更早产生。对判例法的分析还显示,与澳大利亚相比,一旦义务触发,英国对债权人利益的重视程度似乎要高得多。这一分析非常重要,因为毫无疑问,其他普通法法域的法院,尤其是英联邦的法院,在对董事未履行考虑债权人利益的义务的任何主张作出裁决时,都会研究澳大利亚和英国的判例。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Financial distressed companies and directors’ obligation to consider creditors’ interests: An Anglo-Australian comparison of the obligation's trigger and application
Many common law jurisdictions recognise that directors have an obligation to consider the interests of company creditors when the company is experiencing financial distress. Despite numerous cases attempting to crystalise legal principles related to this obligation and significant academic commentary on the topic, the parameters of the obligation remain uncertain. This paper provides an analytical comparison of the latest case law in Australia and the UK concerning the two most important issues that exist in relation to this obligation, namely when is the obligation triggered and what do directors have to do to ensure that they comply with the obligation. We found that the UK courts appear to be adopting a much more restrictive approach regarding the trigger for the obligation, whereas the obligation may arise much earlier in Australia, due to the liberal framing of the trigger. An analysis of case law also revealed that the weight attached to the interests of creditors once the obligation is triggered seems to be much more significant in the UK, compared to Australia. This analysis is important as there is no doubt that courts in other common law jurisdictions, and particularly in the Commonwealth, will examine the Australian and UK jurisprudence in making their decisions in relation to any claim that directors have failed to comply with the obligation to consider the interests of creditors.
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