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引用次数: 0
摘要
头足纲吸血鱿目(Vampyromorpha)及其唯一的近代代表--深海吸血鱿(Vampyroteuthis infernalis)的进化史仍然模糊不清,来自卢森堡早侏罗世的一个新标本为这一时期的吸血鱿形态提供了新的信息。新分类群 Simoniteuthis michaelyi.有趣的是,臂冠只显示了四对臂,而吸虫茎系代表的臂构型应该是由五对臂组成的。这一观察结果促使我们重新审视了吸血鬼鱼的细丝与圈足类和无脊八足类中失去的一对臂的假定同源性。此外,口腔区域的两条骨鱼表明,Simoniteuthis michaelyi n. gen. n. sp.与现代的无间棘螈相比,Simoniteuthis michaelyi n. gen. n. sp.在较浅的水域中游荡和捕食,是中生代茎系吸血侏儒螈的典型特征。根据目前的化石记录,至少从渐新世开始,就出现了向深水区的垂直迁移(可能与捕食行为的转变有关)。
Simoniteuthis, a new vampyromorph coleoid with prey in its arms from the Early Jurassic of Luxembourg
The evolutionary history of the cephalopod order Vampyromorpha with its only recent representative, Vampyroteuthis infernalis, the deep-sea vampire squid, is still obscure and a new specimen from the Early Jurassic of Luxembourg, provides new information on the vampyromorph morphology at this period. The new taxon Simoniteuthis michaelyi. gen. n. sp., which is based on a nearly complete gladius with associated head–arm complex, is morphologically intermediate between the families Loligosepiidae and Geopeltidae. Interestingly, the arm crown displays only four arm pairs, although an arm configuration consisting of five arm pairs should be expected in vampyromorph stem lineage representatives. This observation encouraged us to critically review the presumed homology of the filaments of Vampyroteuthis and the lost arm pair in cirrate and incirrate octopods. Moreover, two bony fishes in the mouth region implicated that Simoniteuthis michaelyi n. gen. n. sp. preyed upon them in hostile water depths, a taphonomic phenomenon called distraction sinking. By contrast to modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis, Simoniteuthis michaelyi n. gen. n. sp. roamed and hunted in shallower waters as typical for Mesozoic stem lineage vampyromorphs. According to the current fossil record, a vertical migration into deeper waters (probably associated with a shift in feeding behaviour) occurred at least since the Oligocene.
期刊介绍:
The Swiss Journal of Palaeontology publishes original research and review articles of interest to the international community in the fields of palaeontology, taxonomy and systematics, while recognising at the same time the importance of documenting high-quality palaeontological data in a regional context. Palaeobiology in combination with alpha taxonomy is a core topic of the journal.
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