Yansong Zhu, Siqi Li, Zhaoheng Xie, Edwin K Leung, Reimund Bayerlein, Negar Omidvari, Yasser G Abdelhafez, Simon R Cherry, Jinyi Qi, Ramsey D Badawi, Benjamin A Spencer, Guobao Wang
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引用次数: 0
摘要
正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)中的 X 射线计算机断层扫描(CT)通常使用单一能量进行操作,因此存在缺乏组织成分信息的局限性。双能量(DE)光谱 CT 可通过使用两种不同的 X 射线能量进行物质分解,可与 PET 结合使用以改进多模态成像,但需要升级硬件,或因增加第二次 X 射线 CT 扫描而增加辐射剂量。最近提出的正电子发射计算机断层成像(PET-enabled DECT)方法可使用传统的 PET/CT 扫描仪进行双能量光谱成像,而无需进行第二次 X 射线 CT 扫描。利用最大似然衰减和活动(MLAA)方法,可从现有的飞行时间 PET 数据中生成 511 千伏的伽马射线 CT(gCT)图像,然后与低能量 X 射线 CT 图像相结合,形成双能量光谱成像。为了提高 gCT 的图像质量,还进一步提出了一种核 MLAA 方法,将 X 射线 CT 作为先验信息。这种支持 PET 的 DECT 概念已通过模拟研究得到验证,但尚未通过三维真实数据得到验证。在这项工作中,我们开发了从 PET 数据重建 gCT 的通用开源实施方案,并利用该实施方案在 uEXPLORER 全身 PET/CT 系统上进行了首次真实数据验证,包括物理模型研究和人体研究。这些结果证明了该方法在光谱成像和材料分解方面的可行性。
Feasibility of PET-enabled dual-energy CT imaging: First physical phantom and initial patient results.
X-ray computed tomography (CT) in PET/CT is commonly operated with a single energy, resulting in a limitation of lacking tissue composition information. Dual-energy (DE) spectral CT enables material decomposition by using two different x-ray energies and may be combined with PET for improved multimodality imaging, but would either require hardware upgrade or increase radiation dose due to the added second x-ray CT scan. Recently proposed PET-enabled DECT method allows dual-energy spectral imaging using a conventional PET/CT scanner without the need for a second x-ray CT scan. A gamma-ray CT (gCT) image at 511 keV can be generated from the existing time-of-flight PET data with the maximum-likelihood attenuation and activity (MLAA) approach and is then combined with the low-energy x-ray CT image to form dual-energy spectral imaging. To improve the image quality of gCT, a kernel MLAA method was further proposed by incorporating x-ray CT as a priori information. The concept of this PET-enabled DECT has been validated using simulation studies, but not yet with 3D real data. In this work, we developed a general open-source implementation for gCT reconstruction from PET data and use this implementation for the first real data validation with both a physical phantom study and a human subject study on a uEXPLORER total-body PET/CT system. These results have demonstrated the feasibility of this method for spectral imaging and material decomposition.