Exploring the co-activity of FDA approved drug gemcitabine and docetaxel for enhanced anti-breast cancer activity: DFT, docking, molecular dynamics simulation and pharmacophore studies

Combining FDA-approved medications may increase biological activity by simultaneously targeting many protein mechanisms while being less toxic. Gemcitabine and docetaxel together might have a synergistic impact that kills cancer cells and makes them more effective against breast cancer. This study used the foundation set B3LYP/6–311 G to optimize the gemcitabine with the docetaxel structure that was created. Theoretical calculations were made for the ultraviolet to visible spectrum were studied in gas and liquid phase. The structural stability and reactivity of the combined structure were studied using the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO, and the computed energy gap (ΔE) was 4.219 eV. The electrostatic potential of complex structure was determined and the Mulliken charge population was evaluated. Through RDG analysis weak interactions of GEDT was evaluated and topology properties were studied through ELF and LOL analysis. Breast cancer target proteins were utilized in the molecular docking studies. The docking scores revealed a greater binding affinity for the complex molecule, confirming a superior combinatorial interaction between gemcitabine and docetaxel. Highest binding ability of the GEDT was against Caspase-6 and the network analysis of Caspase-6 was assessed through graph theory model. The stability of GEDT with Caspase-6 was studied through molecular dynamic simulation for 100 ns. The adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity characteristics of the complex structure were investigated, and the findings revealed the complex lead compound's safety profile and its potential for use as a potent anticancer medication.