非目标木本植物对用于控制介壳虫和刺桐的播撒除草剂处理的反应

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
R. James Ansley , Megan Clayton , William E. Pinchak
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引用次数: 0

摘要

空中喷洒除草剂是处理草地和牧场上不良木本物种的一种选择,但很少有研究确定这些产品对野生动物重要的非目标木本植物的影响。最近推出的一种除草剂含有氯吡啶脲和氨基吡啶脲混合物(CA),被认为专门用于控制蜜介壳虫(Prosopis glandulosa)。我们的目标是记录 CA 单独使用或与其他刷状除草剂(包括吡草胺和三氯吡草胺)混合使用对两种目标物种(蜜介壳虫和刺五加(Opuntia spp.))以及两种非目标木本植物(鹅掌楸(Zizyphus obtusifolia)和黑莓(Celtis laevigata var reticulata))的影响。处理方法为:1)CA;2)CA + 三氯吡氧乙酸(CA + Tr);3)CA + 毒莠定(CA + Pc);4)氯吡菌胺 + 三氯吡氧乙酸(Cp + Tr)。我们连续 3 年在得克萨斯州中北部 4 个 4 公顷的重复地块上施用了空中喷洒处理,这些地块都是成熟的介壳虫灌丛,其中也含有刺五加,我们在处理后 1 年和 2 年(YPT)对地块进行了评估。我们开发了一个具有五个等级(高度耐受、耐受、中度耐受、中度易感和易感)的耐受性评级模型,该模型综合了立地水平的全株死亡率(根部死亡)和存活植株的冠层减少率。在所有喷洒年份,梅花香对所有处理都易感。刺五加对 CA + Pc 易感(从 1 到 2 YPT,根部致死率增加了一倍多 [33-84%]),但对其他处理有很强的耐受性。洛特布什对所有处理都非常耐受或耐受。黑莓耐受 CA 和 Cp + Tr,但对 CA + Pc 易感。当黑莓受到干旱胁迫时,CA + Pc 对黑莓的负面影响更大。我们建议在对目标木本植物或仙人掌进行广播喷雾控制之前,检查干旱状况、叶片状况和非目标木本植物的数量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Nontarget Woody Plant Responses to Broadcast Herbicide Treatment for Mesquite and Pricklypear Control

Aerial spraying of herbicides is an option for treating undesirable woody species on grasslands and rangelands, but few studies have determined effects of these products on nontarget woody plants important to wildlife. A recently introduced herbicide containing a mixture of clopyralid and aminopyralid (CA) is thought to be specific to honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) control. Our objective was to document effects of CA alone and mixed with other brush herbicides, including picloram and triclopyr, on two target species, honey mesquite and pricklypear (Opuntia spp.), and two nontarget woody plants, lotebush (Zizyphus obtusifolia) and hackberry (Celtis laevigata var reticulata). Treatments were 1) CA, 2) CA + triclopyr (CA + Tr), 3) CA + picloram (CA + Pc), and 4) clopyralid + triclopyr (Cp + Tr). We applied aerial spray treatments on four, 4-ha replicated plots of mature mesquite thickets that also contained pricklypear in each of 3 consecutive yr in north-central Texas and evaluated plots at 1 yr and 2 yr post treatment (YPT). We developed a tolerance-rating model with five levels (highly tolerant, tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible) that integrated stand-level percent whole plant mortality (root-kill) and percent canopy reduction of surviving plants. Mesquite was susceptible to all treatments in all spray years. Pricklypear was susceptible to CA + Pc (root-kill more than doubled [33−84%] from 1 to 2 YPT) but highly tolerant of the other treatments. Lotebush was highly tolerant or tolerant of all treatments. Hackberry was tolerant of CA and Cp + Tr but susceptible to CA + Pc. The negative effect of CA + Pc on hackberry was greater when hackberry was drought stressed. We recommend inspection of drought status, foliage condition, and abundance of nontarget woody species before broadcast spraying for control of targeted woody species or cacti.

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来源期刊
Rangeland Ecology & Management
Rangeland Ecology & Management 农林科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
13.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Rangeland Ecology & Management publishes all topics-including ecology, management, socioeconomic and policy-pertaining to global rangelands. The journal''s mission is to inform academics, ecosystem managers and policy makers of science-based information to promote sound rangeland stewardship. Author submissions are published in five manuscript categories: original research papers, high-profile forum topics, concept syntheses, as well as research and technical notes. Rangelands represent approximately 50% of the Earth''s land area and provision multiple ecosystem services for large human populations. This expansive and diverse land area functions as coupled human-ecological systems. Knowledge of both social and biophysical system components and their interactions represent the foundation for informed rangeland stewardship. Rangeland Ecology & Management uniquely integrates information from multiple system components to address current and pending challenges confronting global rangelands.
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