复杂的牙齿磨损分析揭示了三叠纪胎龙类(Sauropsida, Sauropterygia)的饮食转变。

IF 3 2区 地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-05 DOI:10.1186/s13358-024-00304-x
Kinga Gere, András Lajos Nagy, Torsten M Scheyer, Ingmar Werneburg, Attila Ősi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

板齿龙是三叠纪海域的多食性爬行动物,具有坚固的头骨和颌骨,以及增大、扁平、鹅卵石状的牙齿。在进化过程中,它们经历了从早安尼期到雷特期的颅齿变化,如牙齿数量减少、后腭齿增大、前颌骨/喙延长以及颞部增宽。我们推测,这些变化可能与饮食习惯的改变有关,而饮食习惯的改变是由于他们食用的食物种类和质量发生了变化。本研究利用二维和三维显微磨损分析,研究了欧洲中三叠世至晚三叠世9个胎生类物种的牙齿磨损模式,以证明不同物种之间是否存在饮食习惯的转变或分组,以及这些可能的变化是否与影响其栖息地的环境变化有关。三维分析表明,不同物种之间存在重叠,不同数值之间的差异很大,没有明显的区分。二维分析将物种分为两大类。第一组的特征是磨损特征数量少,大坑比例高。另一组特征数量多,但小凹坑比例低。二维分析表明,磨损数据与增大的后压碎齿的大小之间存在相关性。尺寸较大的牙齿磨损特征较少(凹坑比例较高),但单个特征较大。相反,较小破碎齿的牙齿磨损面显示出较多但较小的磨损特征(划痕数较多)。这一观察结果可能与食物的大小有关,即牙冠越宽,可破碎的食物越大,产生的特征也越大。与海洋哺乳动物的比较表明,Placochelys、Psephoderma 和 Paraplacodus 的食物偏好并不完全是坚硬的厚壳食物。它们的食物可能更杂,类似于现代海獭的食物。Henodus的食物可能包括植物性食物,类似于现代食草动物海洋哺乳动物和蜥蜴:在线版本包含补充材料,可查阅 10.1186/s13358-024-00304-x。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Complex dental wear analysis reveals dietary shift in Triassic placodonts (Sauropsida, Sauropterygia).

Placodonts were durophagous reptiles of the Triassic seas with robust skulls, jaws, and enlarged, flat, pebble-like teeth. During their evolution, they underwent gradual craniodental changes from the Early Anisian to the Rhaetian, such as a reduction in the number of teeth, an increase in the size of the posterior palatal teeth, an elongation of the premaxilla/rostrum, and a widening of the temporal region. These changes are presumably related to changes in dietary habits, which, we hypothesise, are due to changes in the type and quality of food they consumed. In the present study, the dental wear pattern of a total of nine European Middle to Late Triassic placodont species were investigated using 2D and 3D microwear analyses to demonstrate whether there could have been a dietary shift or grouping among the different species and, whether the possible changes could be correlated with environmental changes affecting their habitats. The 3D analysis shows overlap between species with high variance between values and there is no distinct separation. The 2D analysis has distinguished two main groups. The first is characterised by low number of wear features and high percentage of large pits. The other group have a high feature number, but low percentage of small pits. The 2D analysis showed a correlation between the wear data and the size of the enlarged posterior crushing teeth. Teeth with larger sizes showed less wear feature (with higher pit ratio) but larger individual features. In contrast, the dental wear facet of smaller crushing teeth shows more but smaller wear features (with higher scratch number). This observation may be related to the size of the food consumed, i.e., the wider the crown, the larger food it could crush, producing larger features. Comparison with marine mammals suggests that the dietary preference of Placochelys, Psephoderma and Paraplacodus was not exclusively hard, thick-shelled food. They may have had a more mixed diet, similar to that of modern sea otters. The diet of Henodus may have included plant food, similar to the modern herbivore marine mammals and lizards.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13358-024-00304-x.

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来源期刊
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology Earth and Planetary Sciences-Paleontology
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
16.70%
发文量
17
审稿时长
4 weeks
期刊介绍: The Swiss Journal of Palaeontology publishes original research and review articles of interest to the international community in the fields of palaeontology, taxonomy and systematics, while recognising at the same time the importance of documenting high-quality palaeontological data in a regional context. Palaeobiology in combination with alpha taxonomy is a core topic of the journal. Submitted papers should have an appeal as wide as possible, directed towards an international readership. Contributions should not have been simultaneously submitted elsewhere, and the overlap of content between related articles should be minimal. Duplications of text and the use of previously published illustrations without adequate citation are unacceptable. If a manuscript has two or more authors, both or all have to sign to confirm they all were involved in the work and have agreed to its submission. The preferred manuscript language is UK English, but consistently used US English is also acceptable. We encourage the publication of proceedings of international meetings as well as special thematic issues. Short contributions and book reviews are also accepted. An international editorial team as well as guest editors guarantee that the thematic issues as well as all articles in regular issues are peer-reviewed and meet the highest standards.
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