Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks from Single-Cell Time-Course Data Based on Temporal Convolutional Networks

Objective: This work aims to infer causal relationships between genes and construct dynamic gene regulatory networks using time-course scRNA-seq data. Methods: We propose an analytical method for inferring GRNs from single-cell time-course data based on temporal convolutional networks (scTGRN), which provides a supervised learning approach to infer causal relationships among genes. scTGRN constructs a 4D tensor representing gene expression features for each gene pair, then inputs the constructed 4D tensor into the temporal convolutional network to train and infer the causal relationship between genes. Results: We validate the performance of scTGRN on five real datasets and four simulated datasets, and the experimental results show that scTGRN outperforms existing models in constructing GRNs. In addition, we test the performance of scTGRN on gene function assignment, and scTGRN outperforms other models. Conclusion: The analysis shows that scTGRN can not only accurately identify the causal relationship between genes, but also can be used to achieve gene function assignment.