Prediction of ionospheric total electron content data using NARX neural network model

Successful prediction of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) data will help in correction of positioning errors in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) caused by the ionosphere. This research paper proposes a prediction model for ionospheric TEC using a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural network that utilizes past TEC data alongwith solar and geomagnetic indices namely F10.7, disturbed storm (Dst), Kp, Ap, and time of the day. We assess the prediction capability of our model at different latitudes during different solar activity years. We compare our results with another NARX model which uses previous TEC data along with time of the day, day of the year and season as exogenous parameters. The results show that for the solar minimum year the TEC prediction accuracy improves by 35.71% and for the solar maximum year it improves by 31.20%. The results using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient, and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (sMAPE) clearly indicate that solar and geomagnetic indices along with time of the day help in enhancing prediction accuracy of TEC across different latitudinal regions during both solar minimum and maximum years.