大量供养蚕茧蜂的延伸亲代照料

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Rosa Leena Bonifacii, Jeremy Field
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要基于保险的机制,即在巢友死亡后,幸存的群体成员可以完成亲代照料,是昆虫合作群体形成起源的关键。通过这些模式对群体生活的选择被认为取决于成年照顾者的预期寿命与后代依赖父母照顾的持续时间。渐进式供给(即成虫在后代成长过程中逐渐喂养后代)被认为可以延长这种依赖期,因此被认为是促进社会性进化的一个重要因素。与此相反,大量供给型物种在后代发育初期就为其提供成熟所需的全部食物。由于后代在营养上是独立的,保险模型的适用性就不那么明确了。在本文中,我们通过实验证明,即使在大量供给结束后,成虫在巢中的存在对大量供给的蚕小蜂(Microstigmus rosae)的育雏存活至关重要。10 天后,实验性孤巢中的健康后代比对照组少 65%。实验还记录了成年雌蜂在供养后的亲代照料行为,包括巢的维护和修理、假定的卫生育雏以及针对蚂蚁和寄生蜂的攻击性巢穴防御。通过证明保险优势的潜在适用性,我们的研究结果突出表明,即使是在大规模供给者中,基于保险的机制也可能是有利于群居生活的一部分。在这种情况下,群居生活可以作为一种 "生命保险",确保在母亲死亡的情况下,受抚养的后代能够得到成熟所需的照顾。这种机制对于我们理解社会进化尤其重要,因为它们能够解释合作群体形成的起源,而不仅仅是其维持。然而,对于大量提供食物的物种来说,所有食物都是预先提供的,保险优势的意义仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们通过实验证明,成虫的出勤率对于大量供给蜂--喙小蜂--的育雏存活至关重要。我们的研究结果揭示了保险优势对喙小蜂的适用性,这对我们理解群体生活在大量供给物种中的潜在适应价值具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Extended parental care in the mass provisioning silk wasp, Microstigmus rosae

Extended parental care in the mass provisioning silk wasp, Microstigmus rosae

Abstract

Insurance-based mechanisms, where surviving group-members can complete parental care after the death of a nestmate, are key to the origin of cooperative group formation in insects. Selection for group living via these models is proposed to be dependent on the life expectancy of adult carers relative to the duration of offspring dependency on parental care. Progressive provisioning, where adults feed offspring gradually as they grow, is thought to extend this period of dependency and is therefore suggested to be an important factor promoting the evolution of sociality. In contrast, mass-provisioning species provide offspring with all the food they need to reach maturity at the beginning of their development. Since offspring are then nutritionally independent, the applicability of insurance models is less clear. In this paper we experimentally demonstrate that adult presence on the nest, even after the end of provisioning, is critical for brood survival in the mass provisioning silk wasp Microstigmus rosae. After 10 days, experimentally orphaned nests contained 65% fewer healthy offspring than controls. Adult females were also recorded performing post-provisioning parental care behaviours including nest maintenance and repair, putative hygienic brood care and aggressive nest defence against both ants and parasitoid wasps. By demonstrating the potential applicability of insurance advantages our results highlight how, even in mass provisioners, insurance-based mechanisms may be part of what favours group living.

Significance statement

Extended parental care is an important precursor to the evolution of eusociality. In this context, group living can serve as a form of “life insurance”, ensuring that dependent offspring receive the care they need to reach maturity should the mother die. Such mechanisms are especially important to our understanding of social evolution as they are able to account for the origins of cooperative group formation, not just its maintenance. However, for mass-provisioning species, where all food items are provided upfront, the significance of insurance advantages remains unclear. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate that adult attendance is critical for brood survival in the mass provisioning wasp, Microstigmus rosae. Our results reveal the applicability of insurance advantages to M. rosae with important implications for our understanding of the potential adaptive value of group living in mass provisioning species.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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