Sara Rogerson, Martin Svanberg, Ceren Altuntas Vural, Sönke von Wieding, Johan Woxenius
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Data on the COVID-19 pandemic's effects and countermeasures were collected and compared with data regarding the 2016–2017 Gothenburg port conflict.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Findings</h3>\n<p>Spatial, capacity, service and temporal flexibility emerged as the primary countermeasures, whilst important characteristics of disruptions were geographical spread, duration, uncertainty, criticality, the element of surprise and intensity. Spatial flexibility was exercised in both disruptions by switching to alternative ports. During the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring capacity flexibility included first removing and then adding vessels. Shipping lines exercising service flexibility prioritised certain cargo, which made the spot market uncertain and reduced flexibility for forwarders, importers and exporters that changed carriers or traffic modes. Experience with disruptions meant less surprise and better preparation for spatial flexibility.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Practical implications</h3>\n<p>Understanding how actors in maritime supply chains exercise flexibility-based countermeasures amid disruptions with different characteristics can support preparedness for coming disruptions.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Originality/value</h3>\n<p>Comparing flexibility-based measures in a pandemic versus port conflict provides insights into the important characteristics of disruptions and the relevance of mitigation strategies. The resilience of maritime supply chains, although underexamined compared with manufacturing supply chains, is essential for maintaining global supply chain flows.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":14251,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparing flexibility-based measures during different disruptions: evidence from maritime supply chains\",\"authors\":\"Sara Rogerson, Martin Svanberg, Ceren Altuntas Vural, Sönke von Wieding, Johan Woxenius\",\"doi\":\"10.1108/ijpdlm-02-2023-0075\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3>Purpose</h3>\\n<p>Severe disruptions to maritime supply chains, including port closures, congestion and shortages in shipping capacity, have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper’s purpose is to explore flexibility-based countermeasures that enable actors in maritime supply chains to mitigate the effects of disruptions with different characteristics.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\\n<p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with shipping lines, shippers, forwarders and ports. Data on the COVID-19 pandemic's effects and countermeasures were collected and compared with data regarding the 2016–2017 Gothenburg port conflict.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Findings</h3>\\n<p>Spatial, capacity, service and temporal flexibility emerged as the primary countermeasures, whilst important characteristics of disruptions were geographical spread, duration, uncertainty, criticality, the element of surprise and intensity. Spatial flexibility was exercised in both disruptions by switching to alternative ports. During the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring capacity flexibility included first removing and then adding vessels. 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Comparing flexibility-based measures during different disruptions: evidence from maritime supply chains
Purpose
Severe disruptions to maritime supply chains, including port closures, congestion and shortages in shipping capacity, have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper’s purpose is to explore flexibility-based countermeasures that enable actors in maritime supply chains to mitigate the effects of disruptions with different characteristics.
Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with shipping lines, shippers, forwarders and ports. Data on the COVID-19 pandemic's effects and countermeasures were collected and compared with data regarding the 2016–2017 Gothenburg port conflict.
Findings
Spatial, capacity, service and temporal flexibility emerged as the primary countermeasures, whilst important characteristics of disruptions were geographical spread, duration, uncertainty, criticality, the element of surprise and intensity. Spatial flexibility was exercised in both disruptions by switching to alternative ports. During the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring capacity flexibility included first removing and then adding vessels. Shipping lines exercising service flexibility prioritised certain cargo, which made the spot market uncertain and reduced flexibility for forwarders, importers and exporters that changed carriers or traffic modes. Experience with disruptions meant less surprise and better preparation for spatial flexibility.
Practical implications
Understanding how actors in maritime supply chains exercise flexibility-based countermeasures amid disruptions with different characteristics can support preparedness for coming disruptions.
Originality/value
Comparing flexibility-based measures in a pandemic versus port conflict provides insights into the important characteristics of disruptions and the relevance of mitigation strategies. The resilience of maritime supply chains, although underexamined compared with manufacturing supply chains, is essential for maintaining global supply chain flows.
期刊介绍：
IJPDLM seeks strategically focused, theoretically grounded, empirical and conceptual, quantitative and qualitative, rigorous and relevant, original research studies in logistics, physical distribution and supply chain management operations and associated strategic issues. Quantitatively oriented mathematical and modelling research papers are not suitable for IJPDLM. Desired topics include, but are not limited to: Customer service strategy Omni-channel and multi-channel distribution innovations Order processing and inventory management Implementation of supply chain processes Information and communication technology Sourcing and procurement Risk management and security Personnel recruitment and training Sustainability and environmental Collaboration and integration Global supply chain management and network complexity Information and knowledge management Legal, financial and public policy Retailing, channels and business-to-business management Organizational and human resource development Logistics and SCM education.
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