多级 130 000 立方米高山悬崖坠落引发的大量沉积物脉冲(德国,霍赫沃格尔)。

IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Natalie Barbosa, Johannes Leinauer, Juilson Jubanski, Michael Dietze, Ulrich Münzer, Florian Siegert, Michael Krautblatter
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要集水区的大量泥沙脉冲是高山多重风险的关键组成部分。高山集水区的大量沉积物再分布经常会导致洪水、河流侵蚀和滑坡,并影响大坝水库等基础设施以及水生生态系统和水质。虽然一些国家已经收集了系统的岩石斜坡崩塌清单,但对随后的级联沉积物再分布却几乎一无所知。本文首次报告了 2016 年夏季霍赫沃格尔白云岩山峰超过 13 万立方米的多级崩塌引发的大规模沉积物再分布。我们对通过数字航空摄影测量获得的七张三维重建高分辨率真实正射影像图和数字地表模型(DSM)应用了变化检测技术,随后对其进行了优化,以便在陡峭地形中进行精确的体积计算。对周边台站地震信息的分析揭示了悬崖坠落的时间演变过程。我们确定了来自四个不同坡度的岩坡集水区的大于 600 次落石事件(大于 1 立方米)的比例贡献及其体积估算。通过沉积物级联法,我们评估了从岩壁到上部渠化侵蚀性泥石流河道,再到拓宽的分散性泥石流河道,最后到进入辫状沉积物增压的约赫巴赫河出口的侵蚀、迁移和沉积情况。我们观测到十年一次的超过 400 000 立方米的沉积物流量,其特点是巨大的沉积物波浪:(i) 对崖降沉积物输入的反应时间为 0-4 年,弛豫时间超过 10 年。沉积物波 (ii) 在上游集水区的反应时间较快,为 0-2 年,在下游集水区则超过 2 年。整个集水区(iii)在数年内从沉积(102-103 mm a-1)快速转变为大规模侵蚀(102 mm a-1),而大规模沉积物再分布(iv)对降雨频率和强度的依赖性有限。这项研究提供了有关高沉积高山集水区大量泥沙脉冲时空模式的通用信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Massive sediment pulses triggered by a multi-stage 130 000 m3 alpine cliff fall (Hochvogel, DE–AT)
Abstract. Massive sediment pulses in catchments are a key alpine multi-risk component. Substantial sediment redistribution in alpine catchments frequently causes flooding, river erosion, and landsliding and affects infrastructure such as dam reservoirs as well as aquatic ecosystems and water quality. While systematic rock slope failure inventories have been collected in several countries, the subsequent cascading sediment redistribution is virtually unaccessed. For the first time, this contribution reports the massive sediment redistribution triggered by the multi-stage failure of more than 130 000 m3 from the Hochvogel dolomite peak during the summer of 2016. We applied change detection techniques to seven 3D-coregistered high-resolution true orthophotos and digital surface models (DSMs) obtained through digital aerial photogrammetry later optimized for precise volume calculation in steep terrain. The analysis of seismic information from surrounding stations revealed the temporal evolution of the cliff fall. We identified the proportional contribution of > 600 rockfall events (> 1 m3) from four rock slope catchments with different slope aspects and their volume estimates. In a sediment cascade approach, we evaluated erosion, transport, and deposition from the rock face to the upper channelized erosive debris flow channel, then to the widened dispersive debris flow channel, and finally to the outlet into the braided sediment-supercharged Jochbach river. We observe the decadal flux of more than 400 000 m3 of sediment, characterized by massive sediment waves that (i) exhibit reaction times of 0–4 years in response to a cliff fall sediment input and relaxation times beyond 10 years. The sediment waves (ii) manifest with faster response times of 0–2 years in the upper catchment and over 2 years in the lower catchments. The entire catchment (iii) undergoes a rapid shift from sedimentary (102–103 mm a−1) to massive erosive regimes (102 mm a−1) within single years, and the massive sediment redistribution (iv) shows limited dependency on rainfall frequency and intensity. This study provides generic information on spatial and temporal patterns of massive sediment pulses in highly sediment-charged alpine catchments.
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来源期刊
Earth Surface Dynamics
Earth Surface Dynamics GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICALGEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCI-GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
56
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf) is an international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of high-quality research on the physical, chemical, and biological processes shaping Earth''s surface and their interactions on all scales.
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