T. A. Korolenko, A. B. Pupyshev, V. M. Belichenko, M. A. Tikhonova, T. G. Amstislavskaya
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Some Advanced Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Focus on Cystatin C
Abstract
The search for biological markers of neurodegenerative diseases, namely, Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases, is actual problem for fundamental biology and modern medicine. The aim of this review was to present some new results on biomarkers of these neurodegenerative disorders, mainly in biological fluids, like plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Novel biomarkers in AD include plasma assays for amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau and PET (positron emission tomography) scans, which show great promise for clinical and research use. In PD research, serum cystatin C (Cst3) and homocystein in PD patients were higher than in serum of the normal control group and they were considered as new inflammatory biomarkers. Cst3 in biological fluids was suggested as a promising biomarker for diagnosing PD. Recently, extracellular vesicles (exosomes) have been reported as a new concept in the biomarker field. Serving as transfer vehicles between cells, they represent a promising source of biomarkers for a number of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. To date, developmental mechanisms and approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (AD, PD) seemingly are extremely relevant, requiring common solutions and the development of new approaches.
期刊介绍：
Neurochemical Journal (Neirokhimiya) provides a source for the communication of the latest findings in all areas of contemporary neurochemistry and other fields of relevance (including molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, neuroimmunology, pharmacology) in an afford to expand our understanding of the functions of the nervous system. The journal presents papers on functional neurochemistry, nervous system receptors, neurotransmitters, myelin, chromaffin granules and other components of the nervous system, as well as neurophysiological and clinical aspects, behavioral reactions, etc. Relevant topics include structure and function of the nervous system proteins, neuropeptides, nucleic acids, nucleotides, lipids, and other biologically active components.
The journal is devoted to the rapid publication of regular papers containing the results of original research, reviews highlighting major developments in neurochemistry, short communications, new experimental studies that use neurochemical methodology, descriptions of new methods of value for neurochemistry, theoretical material suggesting novel principles and approaches to neurochemical problems, presentations of new hypotheses and significant findings, discussions, chronicles of congresses, meetings, and conferences with short presentations of the most sensational and timely reports, information on the activity of the Russian and International Neurochemical Societies, as well as advertisements of reagents and equipment.
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