在土地转换过程中,蝙蝠的细胞免疫力因年份和饮食习惯而异。

IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Conservation Physiology Pub Date : 2024-01-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/conphys/coad102
Isabella K DeAnglis, Benjamin R Andrews, Lauren R Lock, Kristin E Dyer, Anni Yang, Dmitriy V Volokhov, M Brock Fenton, Nancy B Simmons, Cynthia J Downs, Daniel J Becker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

面对农业扩张和森林破碎化的加剧,监测野生动物种群的健康状况至关重要。栖息地的丧失和栖息地的退化会对动物的生理状态产生负面影响,可能导致免疫抑制,增加发病率或死亡率。我们试图确定土地转换如何对经常感染血源性病原体的新热带蝙蝠物种的细胞免疫和感染风险产生不同影响,并评估其影响如何随时间和饮食习惯而变化。我们研究了伯利兹北部的普通吸血蝙蝠(Desmodus rotundus)、北方黄肩蝠(Sturnira parvidens)和中美洲偲蝠(Pteronotus mesoamericanus),它们分别代表了吸血、食俭和食虫的饮食习惯。我们比较了三年来(2017-2019 年)在阔叶次生林中捕获的 118 只蝙蝠的估计白细胞总数、白细胞差值、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率以及感染两种血源性细菌病原体(巴顿氏菌属和血吸虫)的状况。在此期间,树木覆盖面积减少了 14.5%,而牧场则扩大了 14.3%,这表明栖息地丧失和破碎化现象日益严重。我们发现了不同年份之间蝙蝠物种特异性细胞免疫反应的证据,从2017年到2018年,S. parvidens的中性粒细胞计数显著下降,但D. rotundus的中性粒细胞计数略有上升。然而,2017 年至 2019 年期间,不同蝙蝠物种感染巴顿氏菌属和血吸虫的几率并无差异,这与我们的预测相反,即病原体流行率可能会随着土地转换而增加。我们得出的结论是,随着栖息地丧失和破碎化的加剧,每个蝙蝠物种对细胞免疫的投资方式都有所不同。我们建议进一步研究新热带蝙蝠不同饮食习惯中土地转换、免疫和感染之间的相互作用,以便进行知情管理和保护。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bat cellular immunity varies by year and dietary habit amidst land conversion.

Monitoring the health of wildlife populations is essential in the face of increased agricultural expansion and forest fragmentation. Loss of habitat and habitat degradation can negatively affect an animal's physiological state, possibly resulting in immunosuppression and increased morbidity or mortality. We sought to determine how land conversion may differentially impact cellular immunity and infection risk in Neotropical bats species regularly infected with bloodborne pathogens, and to evaluate how effects may vary over time and by dietary habit. We studied common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus), northern yellow-shouldered bats (Sturnira parvidens) and Mesoamerican mustached bats (Pteronotus mesoamericanus), representing the dietary habits of sanguivory, frugivory and insectivory respectively, in northern Belize. We compared estimated total white blood cell count, leukocyte differentials, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and infection status with two bloodborne bacterial pathogens (Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas) of 118 bats captured in a broadleaf, secondary forest over three years (2017-2019). During this period, tree cover decreased by 14.5% while rangeland expanded by 14.3%, indicating increasing habitat loss and fragmentation. We found evidence for bat species-specific responses of cellular immunity between years, with neutrophil counts significantly decreasing in S. parvidens from 2017 to 2018, but marginally increasing in D. rotundus. However, the odds of infection with Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas between 2017 and 2019 did not differ between bat species, contrary to our prediction that pathogen prevalence may increase with land conversion. We conclude that each bat species invested differently in cellular immunity in ways that changed over years of increasing habitat loss and fragmentation. We recommend further research on the interactions between land conversion, immunity and infection across dietary habits of Neotropical bats for informed management and conservation.

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来源期刊
Conservation Physiology
Conservation Physiology Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.70%
发文量
71
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Conservation Physiology is an online only, fully open access journal published on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. Biodiversity across the globe faces a growing number of threats associated with human activities. Conservation Physiology will publish research on all taxa (microbes, plants and animals) focused on understanding and predicting how organisms, populations, ecosystems and natural resources respond to environmental change and stressors. Physiology is considered in the broadest possible terms to include functional and mechanistic responses at all scales. We also welcome research towards developing and refining strategies to rebuild populations, restore ecosystems, inform conservation policy, and manage living resources. We define conservation physiology broadly and encourage potential authors to contact the editorial team if they have any questions regarding the remit of the journal.
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