被偷走的童年:十九世纪开普殖民地的被掳儿童与殖民主体的养育

IF 0.1 4区 历史学 Q3 HISTORY
Jared McDonald
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在对殖民时代对土著人民的种族灭绝进行更广泛的调查时,殖民殖民地土著儿童被俘虏的历史仍处于边缘地位。然而,在许多定居者殖民地,儿童转移在土著人口的消亡中发挥了不可或缺的作用。强迫儿童迁移与母体社会的实际毁灭同时发生,往往是侵蚀和根除狩猎采集民族和身份认同的重要组成部分。本文旨在分析绑架和转移儿童在十九世纪早期开普桑种族灭绝中所起的不可或缺的作用,尤其侧重于平民的主动行动。在开普殖民地,平民发起了抓捕桑族儿童并将他们转移到其入侵的定居者社会的做法。桑族儿童被认为具有可塑性,更容易被强迫同化为劳工。开普殖民地最终出台了学徒立法,以规范土著儿童的转移,并确保将最恶劣的虐待行为降至最低,尽管这些理想很少实现。学徒制立法试图追赶由平民发起的现行做法,实际上,殖民当局通过在法律上使其合法化,起到了扶持的作用。分析还探讨了欧洲后裔定居者绑架和转移桑族儿童的叙事理由,并将其与当代福音派人道主义论述进行对比。定居者和传教士采用了不同的手段将桑族儿童纳入定居者社会,但他们都认为融入是理想的目的。在话语上,定居者和传教士设法把他们的行动说成是为了桑族儿童的最大利益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Stolen Childhoods: Cape San Child Captives and the Raising of Colonial Subjects in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony
Histories of indigenous child captives in settler-colonies remain marginal amid broader inquiries into colonial-era genocides of indigenous peoples. Yet, child transfers played an integral role in the demise of indigenous populations in numerous settler-colonies. Forced child removals occurred alongside the physical annihilation of parent societies and was often an important part of the erosion and eradication of hunter-gatherer peoples and identities. This article aims to set out an analysis of the integral role played by child abductions and transfers in the genocide of the Cape San during the early nineteenth century, with a particular focus on civilian initiative. In the Cape Colony, civilians initiated the practice of capturing and transferring San children to their invasive settler society. San children were considered malleable and better disposed to forced assimilation as labourers. Apprenticeship legislation was eventually introduced in the Cape Colony to regulate indigenous child transfers and to ensure that its worst abuses were minimised, although these ideals were seldom realised. Apprenticeship legislation attempted to catch up with existing practice set in motion by civilians and in effect, colonial authorities played an enabling role by legally legitimising it. The analysis also explores the narrative justifications for San child abduction and transfer employed by European-descended settlers, and contrasts these with contemporary evangelical-humanitarian discourses. Settlers and missionaries adopted different means to incorporate San children into settler society, while agreeing that incorporation was the desired end. Discursively, settlers and missionaries managed to frame their actions as being in the best interests of San children.
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来源期刊
HISTORIA
HISTORIA HISTORY-
CiteScore
0.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
14
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: História journal is one of oldest publications among several periodicals edited by the Unesp Editora. The first issue was published in 1982 under this title and with the university official seal after the fusion of another two periodicals that were previously published: Anais de História edited annually by the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Assis from 1969 to 1977, with 9 editions and Estudos Históricos published by the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Marília, launched in 1963 with 16 editions up to 1977.
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