A. B. Nagaram, M. V. Sundaram, Johannes Gårdstam, Michael Andersson, Zhuoer Chen, E. Hryha, L. Nyborg
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Consolidation of water-atomized chromium–nickel-alloyed powder metallurgy steel through novel processing routes
When processing powder metallurgy (PM) steels, the conventional press and sinter route can reach a relative density up to 95%, which is insufficient for applications when dynamic mechanical performance is critical. In this study, a novel route is demonstrated consisting of cold isostatic pressing (CIP) followed by sintering and capsule-free hot isostatic pressing (HIP), allowing to achieve full density PM steels. Water-atomized steel powder admixed with 2 wt.% Ni was subjected to CIP and followed by sintering in 90N2/10H2 atmosphere at 1120 and 1250°C, and in vacuum (10−2 mbar) at 1250 and 1350°C, respectively. At the highest explored CIP pressure of 600 MPa, the three high-temperature sintering runs at 1250°C in 90N2/10H2 atmosphere and vacuum, and 1350°C in vacuum resulted in relative density of ∼94% and closed surface pores. This condition with necessary closed porosity then allowed subsequent capsule-free HIP after sintering, resulting in full densification of the components.
期刊介绍:
Powder Metallurgy is an international journal publishing peer-reviewed original research on the science and practice of powder metallurgy and particulate technology. Coverage includes metallic particulate materials, PM tool materials, hard materials, composites, and novel powder based materials.