探索二战中苏联外交和西方盟国合作的经验教训

IF 0.2 Q4 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
V. O. Pechatnov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文基于对俄罗斯、美国和英国档案文献资料的分析,深入探讨了二战期间盟国之间错综复杂的联盟外交。文章特别强调了对义务和联盟行为规范的遵守,包括尊重合作伙伴的利益、在分歧中保持团结、协调行动以实现共同目标,以及避免采取可能导致联盟瓦解的行动。对苏联和英美外交的比较分析表明,反希特勒联盟的主要成员普遍遵守了这些准则,为最终击败共同对手做出了贡献。然而,研究表明,苏联在履行义务方面表现出更大的忠诚度,并更积极主动地将联盟制度化,以增强稳定性,平等参与战争行为和战后安排的战略决策。西方列强在战时和战后都不愿接受苏联作为持久、平等的伙伴和大国俱乐部的合法成员,这往往阻碍了对平等的追求。文章认为,这种犹豫不决不仅源于地缘政治考虑,还源于根深蒂固的文化因素,特别是西方传统的优越感以及将俄罗斯视为不适合融入欧洲-大西洋共同体的 "较低级 "文明的看法。文章引用了美国和英国档案中鲜为人知的文件来说明这种心态。文章还提到了英美政治领域主张与苏联建立更平等关系的不同声音。然而,这些观点并未显著改变西方政策的总体方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Exploring Lessons from Soviet Diplomacy and Western Allied Cooperation in World War II
Based on an analysis of documentary sources from Russian, American, and British archives, this article delves into the intricacies of coalition diplomacy among the Allies during World War II. It places special emphasis on the adherence to obligations and coalition behavior norms, encompassing respect for partners' interests, maintaining unity amidst divergences, coordinating actions towards shared objectives, and avoiding actions that risk coalition breakdown. The comparative analysis of Soviet and Anglo-American diplomacy reveals that the principal members of the anti-Hitler coalition generally adhered to these norms, contributing to the ultimate defeat of their common adversary. However, the study indicates that the Soviet Union exhibited greater fidelity in fulfilling its obligations and was more proactive in institutionalizing the coalition for enhanced stability and equal participation in strategic decision-making for war conduct and postwar arrangements. This quest for parity was often impeded by the Western powers' reluctance to accept the Soviet Union as an enduring, equal partner and legitimate member of the great powers' club, both during and after the war. This hesitance, the article argues, was rooted not just in geopolitical considerations but also in deep-seated cultural factors, particularly the traditional Western sense of superiority and perception of Russia as a 'lesser' civilization not fit for inclusion in the Euro-Atlantic community. The article brings to light lesser-known documents from US and UK archives to illustrate this mindset. It also acknowledges dissenting voices in Anglo-American political spheres who advocated for a more equitable relationship with the USSR. However, these perspectives did not significantly alter the overarching direction of Western policy.
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来源期刊
MGIMO Review of International Relations
MGIMO Review of International Relations INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
0.60
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0.00%
发文量
46
审稿时长
12 weeks
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