开启长寿之门:端粒的作用及其靶向干预措施

M. Schellnegger, E. Hofmann, Martina Carnieletto, L. Kamolz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

全世界发达国家的平均预期寿命一直在稳步延长。这些人口结构的变化给医疗保健系统和社会带来了越来越大的社会和经济压力。老龄化过程通常表现为生理和认知功能的衰退,同时伴随着慢性疾病的增加。因此,迫切需要既能缓解老年相关疾病又能促进健康老龄化的策略。端粒损耗的特点是端粒随着细胞的每次分裂而缩短,它既是一种保护机制,也是组织退化和老年相关疾病的诱因。基于端粒生物学在衰老过程中的重要作用,研究人员致力于开发旨在对抗端粒损耗的方法,以延缓或减少与衰老相关的疾病。在这篇综述中,我们总结了端粒生物学及其在衰老和老年相关疾病中的作用,以及干扰端粒缩短的最新方法,旨在实现健康老龄化和长寿。随着衰老研究进入一个新时代,这篇综述强调了端粒靶向疗法,包括端粒酶激活剂和端粒酶抑制剂,同时还探讨了抗氧化和抗炎药物的效果,以及他汀类药物等间接相关的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unlocking longevity: the role of telomeres and its targeting interventions
Average life expectancy has been steadily increasing in developed countries worldwide. These demographic changes are associated with an ever-growing social and economic strain to healthcare systems as well as society. The aging process typically manifests as a decline in physiological and cognitive functions, accompanied by a rise in chronic diseases. Consequently, strategies that both mitigate age-related diseases and promote healthy aging are urgently needed. Telomere attrition, characterized by the shortening of telomeres with each cell division, paradoxically serves as both a protective mechanism and a contributor to tissue degeneration and age-related ailments. Based on the essential role of telomere biology in aging, research efforts aim to develop approaches designed to counteract telomere attrition, aiming to delay or reduce age-related diseases. In this review, telomere biology and its role in aging and age-related diseases is summarized along with recent approaches to interfere with telomere shortening aiming at well- and healthy-aging as well as longevity. As aging research enters a new era, this review emphasizes telomere-targeting therapeutics, including telomerase activators and tankyrase inhibitors, while also exploring the effects of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents, along with indirectly related approaches like statins.
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