Image Segmentation Using Bayesian Inference for Convex Variant Mumford–Shah Variational Model

SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, Page 248-272, March 2024.
Abstract. The Mumford–Shah model is a classical segmentation model, but its objective function is nonconvex. The smoothing and thresholding (SaT) approach is a convex variant of the Mumford–Shah model, which seeks a smoothed approximation solution to the Mumford–Shah model. The SaT approach separates the segmentation into two stages: first, a convex energy function is minimized to obtain a smoothed image; then, a thresholding technique is applied to segment the smoothed image. The energy function consists of three weighted terms and the weights are called the regularization parameters. Selecting appropriate regularization parameters is crucial to achieving effective segmentation results. Traditionally, the regularization parameters are chosen by trial-and-error, which is a very time-consuming procedure and is not practical in real applications. In this paper, we apply a Bayesian inference approach to infer the regularization parameters and estimate the smoothed image. We analyze the convex variant Mumford–Shah variational model from a statistical perspective and then construct a hierarchical Bayesian model. A mean field variational family is used to approximate the posterior distribution. The variational density of the smoothed image is assumed to have a Gaussian density, and the hyperparameters are assumed to have Gamma variational densities. All the parameters in the Gaussian density and Gamma densities are iteratively updated. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is capable of generating high-quality segmentation results. Although the proposed approach contains an inference step to estimate the regularization parameters, it requires less CPU running time to obtain the smoothed image than previous methods.