在有争议海域达成能源交易:加沙海洋天然气田案例

Elai Rettig, Benny Spanier
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摘要

2023 年 6 月,以色列批准开发加沙海洋,这是加沙地带附近的一个小型海上气田,自 2000 年发现以来一直处于休眠状态。该气田有可能使巴勒斯坦权力机构(PA)在出口收入和能源独立方面受益。然而,该气田的法律地位仍不明确,而 2023 年的以色列-哈马斯战争使问题进一步复杂化。一方面,尽管以色列并未对加沙海洋提出任何法律要求,但有关各方仍认为以色列有必要批准开发该油田。另一方面,虽然巴权力机构认为自己是该油田的合法所有者,但自 2007 年以来,巴权力机构对加沙的海岸线或水域一直没有有效的控制权,这削弱了巴权力机构的主张。本文回顾了直到 2023 年战争之前加沙海洋天然气田的复杂历史和不断演变的法律地位。文章认为,该气田的未来发展仍有乐观的空间,尤其是考虑到其与以色列和黎巴嫩于 2022 年成功签署的海洋协议的相似之处。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Striking energy deals in disputed seas: the case of the Gaza Marine gas field
In June 2023, Israel approved the development of Gaza Marine, a small offshore gas field near the Gaza Strip that has remained dormant since its discovery in 2000. The field can potentially benefit the Palestinian Authority (PA) in terms of export revenue and energy independence. However, the legal status of the field remains unclear, and the 2023 Israel–Hamas war further complicated this matter. On the one hand, although Israel has not made any legal claim to Gaza Marine, its approval to develop the field is still considered necessary by all parties involved. On the other hand, while the PA views itself as the rightful owner of the field, it has had no effective control over Gaza’s coastline or waters since 2007, weakening its claim. This article reviews the complex history and evolving legal status of the Gaza Marine gas field up until the 2023 war. It argues that there is still room for optimism regarding the future development of the field, especially when considering its similarities to the successful 2022 maritime agreement between Israel and Lebanon.
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