Industrial solid wastes to environmental protection materials for removal of gaseous pollutants: A review

The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective manner. In this review, we investigate the development of industrial-waste-based functional materials for various gas pollutant removal and consider the relevant reaction mechanism according to different types of industrial solid waste. We see a recent effort towards achieving high-performance environmental functional materials via chemical or physical modification, in which the active components, pore size, and phase structure can be altered. The review will discuss the potential of using industrial solid wastes, these modified materials, or synthesized materials from raw waste precursors for the removal of air pollutants, including SO₂, NO_x, Hg⁰, H₂S, VOCs, and CO₂. The challenges still need to be addressed to realize this potential and the prospects for future research fully. The suggests for future directions include determining the optimal composition of these materials, calculating the real reaction rate and turnover frequency, developing effective treatment methods, and establishing chemical component databases of raw industrial solid waste for catalysts/adsorbent preparation.