肛门癌治疗进展:最新研究药物概览。

IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
James Yu, Richard D Kim
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言:肛门癌是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤,占胃肠道癌症的2.5-3.0%,主要表现为与HPV相关的鳞状细胞癌。近年来,肛门鳞状细胞癌(SCCA)的治疗取得了重大进展,特别是随着免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)和一线化疗随机数据的引入:本综述根据已发表的数据,讨论了目前针对早期和晚期 SCCA 的标准治疗方法。然后,作者介绍了新的方法,重点关注 ICI 组合、靶向药物、T 细胞收养疗法和 HPV 治疗疫苗:目前SCCA的标准治疗包括前线卡铂和紫杉醇,后线可选择pembrolizumab和nivolumab。虽然改良 DCF 已在单臂研究中显示出前景,但其作为一线疗法的作用还需要通过随机数据来确认。我们热切期待着针对转移性SCCA的一线化疗免疫疗法和早期SCCA化疗后的ICI巩固治疗的3期试验结果。针对HPV介导的肿瘤(包括HPV阳性的SCCA),T细胞收养疗法、HPV治疗疫苗和结合HPV疫苗的双功能抗体等新方法正处于早期试验阶段。这些针对 HPV 表位的方法最终可能会获得肿瘤诊断批准,但它们在 SCCA 中的作用可能还需要时间来确立。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Progress in the treatment of anal cancer: an overview of the latest investigational drugs.

Introduction: Anal cancer, a rare malignancy accounting for 2.5-3.0% of gastrointestinal cancers, primarily manifests as squamous cell carcinoma associated with HPV. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in managing squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA), particularly with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and randomized data on front-line chemotherapy.

Areas covered: This review discusses the current standard treatments for both early and advanced SCCA, based on published data. The authors then describe the new approaches, focusing on ICI combinations, targeted agents, T-cell adoptive therapy, and HPV-therapeutic vaccines.

Expert opinion: The current standard treatment for SCCA includes front-line carboplatin and paclitaxel, with pembrolizumab and nivolumab as later-line options. While modified DCF has shown promise in single-arm studies, its role as a front-line therapy requires confirmation through randomized data. We eagerly anticipate the results of phase 3 trials investigating the front-line chemo-immunotherapy for metastatic SCCA and ICI consolidation following chemoradiation for early-stage SCCA. Novel approaches like T-cell adoptive therapy, HPV-therapeutic vaccines, and bifunctional antibodies combined with HPV vaccines are in early-stage trials for HPV-mediated tumors, including HPV-positive SCCA. These approaches targeting HPV epitopes may eventually gain tumor-agnostic approval, although their role in SCCA may take time to establish.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
71
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs (ISSN 1354-3784 [print], 1744-7658 [electronic]) is a MEDLINE-indexed, peer-reviewed, international journal publishing review articles and original papers on drugs in preclinical and early stage clinical development, providing expert opinion on the scope for future development. The Editors welcome: Reviews covering preclinical through to Phase II data on drugs or drug classes for specific indications, and their potential impact on future treatment strategies Drug Evaluations reviewing the clinical and pharmacological data on a particular drug Original Research papers reporting the results of clinical investigations on agents that are in Phase I and II clinical trials The audience consists of scientists, managers and decision-makers in the pharmaceutical industry, and others closely involved in R&D.
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