Investigating the Characteristics of Nanoliposomes Carrying Bioactive Peptides Obtained from Shrimp Waste

Abstract

The aim of the paper was to develop chitosan-coated nanoliposomes for carrying bioactive peptides derived from hydrolyzed shrimp waste (SW) with chitosan coating (concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 1% W/ V). The study involved producing SW hydrolysates using protease enzymes from Bacillus salsus bacteria, followed by investigating the physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of the peptide-loaded nanoliposomes. The dispersion index ranged from 0.17 to 0.65, and the particle size varied from 500 to 685 nm. Increasing the chitosan concentration to 1% significantly increased the particle size (P < 0.05). The Zeta potential of the nanoliposomes became positive as the chitosan concentration increased, starting from − 47.73 mV and reaching + 36.40 mV. The highest encapsulation efficiency (84.67%) was observed in nanoliposomes with 1% chitosan, while uncoated liposomes had the lowest encapsulation efficiency (44%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the nanoparticles exhibited homogeneous, spherical, and cluster-shaped structures with smooth surfaces. Chitosan coating enhanced the stability of the peptides in simulated stomach and intestinal environments, with higher stability observed at higher chitosan concentrations (P < 0.05). Chitosan-coated nanoliposomes exhibited higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities compared to uncoated nanoliposomes. Increasing the chitosan concentration resulted in greater inhibition of free radicals (DPPH and ABTS free radical activities increased significantly in nanoliposomes with 1% chitosan compared to uncoated samples: 32.56–70.28% and 41.58–80.28% respectively) and enhanced antimicrobial properties (P < 0.05). In conclusion, coating hydrolyzed SW with nanoliposomes and chitosan improved the structural, physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of the peptides, making them suitable for direct application in food products requiring antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.