Conventional cytogenetics and microsatellite chromosomal distribution in social wasp Mischocyttarus cassununga (Ihering, 1903) (Vespidae, Polistinae, Mischocyttarini).

Cytogenetics has allowed the investigation of chromosomal diversity and repetitive genomic content in wasps. In this study, we characterized the karyotype of the social wasp Mischocyttarus cassununga using conventional cytogenetics and chromosomal mapping of repetitive sequences. This study was undertaken to extend our understanding of the genomic organization of repetitive DNA in social wasps and is the first molecular cytogenetic insight into the genus Mischocyttarus. The karyotype of M. cassununga had a chromosome number of 2n = 64 for females and n = 32 for males. Constitutive heterochromatin exhibited three distribution patterns: centromeric and pericentromeric regions along the smaller arms and extending almost the entire chromosome. The major ribosomal DNA sites were located on chromosome pair in females and one chromosome in males. Positive signals for the microsatellite probes (GA)_n and (GAG)_n were observed in the euchromatic regions of all chromosomes. The microsatellites, (CGG)_n, (TAT)_n, (TTAGG)_n, and (TCAGG)_n were not observed in any region of the chromosomes. Our results contrast with those previously obtained for Polybia fastidiosuscula, which showed that the microsatellites (GAG)_n, (CGG)_n, (TAT)_n, (TTAGG)_n, and (TCAGG)_n are located predominantly in constitutive heterochromatin. This suggests variations in the diversity and chromosomal organization of repetitive sequences in the genomes of social wasps.