Tuberculosis Elimination in India: Where the Country Stands

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge in India, with the country bearing the highest burden of TB cases globally. This article provides an overview of India's ongoing efforts towards TB elimination, highlighting both progress and persistent challenges. India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP), launched in 1997, has made remarkable strides in TB control. The introduction of the RNTCP and later its expansion as the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) in 2017, aimed to strengthen diagnostic and treatment services, with a focus on achieving universal access to TB care. DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course) therapy has been a cornerstone of treatment, contributing to significant reductions in TB mortality. In recent years, India has made strides in adopting new technologies, including molecular diagnostics and telemedicine, to enhance TB case detection and patient care. The introduction of Bedaquiline and Delamanid, novel drugs for drug-resistant TB, has offered hope for patients with more resistant forms of the disease. However, the road to TB elimination in India is not without challenges. There is a pressing need for improved healthcare infrastructure, reduced stigma, and increased awareness among both the public and healthcare providers. The emergence of drug-resistant TB and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB services have posed additional hurdles. India's journey toward TB elimination is marked by significant progress and continued challenges. To achieve the ambitious goal of eliminating TB by 2025, concerted efforts are required to strengthen healthcare systems, improve diagnostic capabilities, and address social determinants of the disease.