Assessing the impacts of river bed mining on aquatic ecosystems: A critical review of effects on water quality and biodiversity

Background

River bed mining, an activity crucial for meeting the demands of construction and infrastructure development, has raised concerns about its potential adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. This critical review explores the multifaceted consequences of river bed mining on water quality and biodiversity, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the ecological implications.

Methodology

The methodology consisted of searching through a number of different scientific databases in order to locate works that had been subjected to peer review and had been published between the years 1985 and 2023 about the subject matter of this study. Among the keywords and controlled vocabulary that were incorporated into the search strategy were river bed mining, aquatic ecosystem, water quality, biodiversity, and remedial measures.

Results

The degradation of water quality emerges as a primary concern associated with river bed mining. Sediment release, altered flow patterns, and increased turbidity are identified as key contributors to water quality deterioration. These changes have cascading effects on the physicochemical parameters of the aquatic environment, influencing nutrient cycles, dissolved oxygen levels, and overall ecosystem health. Biodiversity, a fundamental component of aquatic ecosystems, faces a spectrum of challenges due to river bed mining. The alteration of riverbed habitats and disruption of natural flow dynamics pose direct threats to the survival of various aquatic species. Additionally, the sedimentation resulting from mining activities can smother habitats and affect the reproductive success of sensitive organisms, further exacerbating biodiversity loss. The role of sustainable mining practices, habitat restoration, and the implementation of buffer zones is evaluated in the context of preserving water quality and supporting biodiversity conservation.

Conclusion

This critical review provides a nuanced analysis of the impacts of river bed mining on aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to address water quality degradation and biodiversity loss. The findings underscore the urgency of adopting sustainable practices and robust regulatory measures to ensure the long-term health and resilience of riverine environments in the face of ongoing development pressures.