从学生适应学习环境的角度,监测学生健康状况的身体形态功能和心理生理指标

О. I. Anfinogenova, H. Deep, D. Domenyuk, G. Ivchenko, I. Rzhepakovsky
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摘要

学生对高等教育过程的适应在很大程度上取决于身体的个体特征。学生的生理和心理状态,以及最初的学习动机和态度是决定因素。在这种背景下,寻求改善健康状况的方法,同时提高未来合格专家的工作和适应能力,似乎是一个至关重要的问题。对不同年级的大学生进行了一项纵向研究,评估了同一学生在一年级和二年级培训期间的人体测量数据;通过酶联免疫吸附法测定了唾液中睾酮和皮质醇的浓度、血清中促甲状腺激素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸的浓度;还通过统一的调查问卷估算了心理生理值。结果显示,在教育过程中,学生的血红蛋白浓度、红细胞中平均血红蛋白含量和白细胞数量都有所下降。值得注意的是,三年级学生的促甲状腺激素含量明显增加,而三碘甲状腺原氨酸和睾酮则有所减少。根据布斯-杜基敌意量表进行的测试发现,如果与大一学生的类似数值进行比较,高年级学生的攻击性和怀疑标准指标有所增加。研究成果扩大了从系统方法和标准理论的角度评估普通学生功能状况所需的信息和方法基础。此外,这些数据还有助于我们深入了解导致压力的调整策略和限制压力的调整策略背后的主要机制。通过对形态功能状态指标的研究,可以在年度健康监测方法的范围内,确定学生在新生入学时及以后的调节和适应能力,从而帮助预测潜在的适应不良风险,这反过来又可以作为采取预防措施的有用工具,最终目标是在高等教育培训期间保持学生的健康。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Morphofunctional and psychophysiological body indicators in monitoring students’ health status, in view of their adjustment to academic environment
Students’ adjustment to higher education process depends largely on the body’s individual features. The student’s physiological and psychological status, as well as the initial motivational setting attitudes are the determining factors. Given this backcloth, the search for ways to improve the health, while aiming at enhancing future qualified specialists’ working and adjustment capacity, appears to be an issue of utmost importance.Material and methods. A longitudinal study involving university students of different years was carried out, through which anthropometric data were evaluated for the same students in their 1st year and then – in their 2nd year of training; the concentration of testosterone and cortisol in saliva, thyroid-stimulating hormone and triiodothyronine in blood serum was measured by ELISA; also, psychophysiological values were estimated through unified questionnaires.Results. The results showed that over the course of education, the students had their hemoglobin concentration, average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes, and leukocyte number decreased. Notable was a significant increase in 3rd year students’ thyroid-stimulating hormone content and a decrease of triiodothyronine and testosterone. A test relying on the Buss – Durkee Hostility Inventory helped to detect an increase in the aggression and suspicion criterion indicators among senior students if matched versus similar values obtained for their freshmen-counterparts.Conclusions. The research outcomes expand the informational and the methodological base required to evaluate an average student’s functional status from the standpoint of a systematic approach and the theory of the norm. Besides, such data will offer an insight into the main mechanisms behind stressinducing, just like stress-limiting, adjustment strategies. This study of the morphofunctional status indicators allows – while within the annual health monitoring approach – identifying the regulatory and the adjustment capacities in students, both at the time they are enrolled as freshmen and further, thus helping predict the potential risk of maladjustment, which, in turn, may serve a useful tool in taking preventive measures, the final goal being to maintain students’ health through their higher education training period.
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